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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases
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Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 5428

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ahmed Hussain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry - Dentistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Interests: digital dentistry; artificial intelligence; prosthodontics; dental diseases; biomaterial
Dr. Hamid Tebyaniyan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science and Research, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Interests: dental diseases; dental tissue engineering; oral stem cell therapy; oral microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The health of the mouth is paramount to overall health and quality of life. Older adults are more likely to develop oral diseases, which include oral microbial infections, pain, difficulty chewing, altered taste, etc. A variety of clinical studies have demonstrated the importance of maintaining oral health and the negative consequences of neglecting it. Most countries face a major health burden associated with dental diseases. There are also a variety of conditions affecting oral health that are of major public health importance, such as dental caries, oral cancers, and periodontal diseases. It is possible to prevent and treat most oral health conditions in their early stages. Most dentists, dental therapists, and dental hygienists focus on diagnosing and treating these diseases. It is the responsibility of dental healthcare professionals to ensure the oral and general health of their patients. The ability to formulate a differential diagnosis is based on both medicine and dentistry’s key clinical skills. A timely and accurate diagnosis often requires the use of imaging modalities and laboratory tests. An informed choice of those investigations will facilitate a timely and accurate diagnosis. It is important to diagnose recalcitrant chronic diseases and initiate the appropriate treatment to give a patient a chance to recover health or to control their symptoms.

Dr. Ahmed Hussain
Dr. Hamid Tebyaniyan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental diseases
  • diagnosis
  • intelligence management
  • medical management

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1259 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of BIRC6 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Epithelial Dysplasia, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis
by Fateme Eskandari, Alireza Razavian, Razieh Zare, Shayan Ejlali, Alireza Razmahang, Milad Zanjani, Seyedeh Sara Aghili, Mohammad Amin Mahdiyar, Hossein Mofidi, Kamyar Abbasi, Ashkan Badkoobeh, Nafiseh Shamloo, Lotfollah Kamali Hakim, Ahmed Hussain and Hamid Tebyaniyan
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233560 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 956
Abstract
Background: BIRC6, regarded as the pivotal member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis (IAP) family, has been linked to the development of different types of cancer in humans. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of BIRC6 in various oral [...] Read more.
Background: BIRC6, regarded as the pivotal member of the inhibitor of the apoptosis (IAP) family, has been linked to the development of different types of cancer in humans. The objective of this study was to examine the expression of BIRC6 in various oral conditions, including OLP with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), OLP, epithelial dysplasia (ED), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), to investigate its potential involvement in the development of OSCC and the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OLP, which is known as a precancerous condition. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 99 cases, consisting of 19 cases of OSCC, 21 cases of ED, 23 cases of OLP, 20 cases of OLPD, and 16 cases of HK as the control group, were investigated regarding BIRC6 expression by immunohistochemical staining. After that, the immunohistochemical expression of BIRC6 in the epithelial compartment was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the expression of BIRC6 and clinicopathological variables. The statistical analysis of the data involved the use of one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square, Spearman’s correlation, and Mann–Whitney tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Positive BIRC6 staining was found in 91.7% of the subjects of OLP, 88.1% of HK, 86.1% of ED, 93% of OLPD, and 94.7% of OSCC. OSCC showed the highest BIRC6 expression (p = 0.00). The average total staining score was remarkably greater in OSCC and dysplastic lesions compared with HK (p = 0.00, p = 0.00). Conclusions: While the current study suggested that BIRC6 may play a role in the tumorigenesis of OSCC, its role in the malignant transformation of OLP has yet to be definitively established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases)
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13 pages, 3245 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Paxillin Expression in Epithelial Dysplasia, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Lichen Planus with and without Dysplasia, and Hyperkeratosis: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
by Seyedeh Sara Aghili, Razieh Zare and Alireza Jahangirnia
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2476; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152476 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003
Abstract
Background: Paxillin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. However, the roles of paxillin in epithelial dysplasia (ED), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral lichen planus with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), and oral lichen planus (OLP) have [...] Read more.
Background: Paxillin is a cytoskeletal protein involved in the pathogenesis of several types of cancers. However, the roles of paxillin in epithelial dysplasia (ED), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral lichen planus with dysplasia (OLPD), hyperkeratosis (HK), and oral lichen planus (OLP) have remained unnoticed in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate its attainable functions in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation of potentially malignant oral epithelium and benign lesions. Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, paxillin expression was investigated in 99 tissue samples, including 18 cases of OSCC, 21 ED, 23 OLP, 21 OLPD, and 16 cases of HK. The tissue sections also underwent immunohistochemical paxillin staining using 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen. The intensity, location, and percentage of staining were examined across all groups. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, ANOVA, Pearson chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn’s post hoc test. Results: The cytoplasmic percentage and intensity staining of Paxillin expression were evident in the central/suprabasal and basal/peripheral layers of all the obtained samples. The final staining score was significantly higher in OSCC and dysplasia compared to HK and OLP (p = 0.004). It was found that paxillin expression is associated with the grade of dysplastic samples (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study provides evidence that paxillin may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC and the development and progression of dysplastic tissue, since the paxillin expression was higher than that of HK and OLP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases)
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9 pages, 1512 KiB  
Article
Alpha-Defensin 1: An Emerging Periodontitis Biomarker
by Jisuk Lee, Dong Sik Chang, Junsu Kim and Young Sun Hwang
Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2143; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132143 - 22 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1089
Abstract
Background: Research on the development of reliable diagnostic targets is being conducted to overcome the high prevalence and difficulty in managing periodontitis. However, despite the development of various periodontitis target markers, their practical application has been limited due to poor diagnostic accuracy. [...] Read more.
Background: Research on the development of reliable diagnostic targets is being conducted to overcome the high prevalence and difficulty in managing periodontitis. However, despite the development of various periodontitis target markers, their practical application has been limited due to poor diagnostic accuracy. In this study, we present an improved periodontitis diagnostic target and explore its role in periodontitis. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from healthy individuals and periodontitis patients, and proteomic analysis was performed. The target marker levels for periodontitis were quantified in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) were used for the osteoclast formation assay. Results: LC-MS/MS analysis of whole GCF showed that the level of alpha-defensin 1 (DEFA-1) was higher in periodontitis GCF than in healthy GCF. The comparison of periodontitis target proteins galactin-10, ODAM, and azurocidin proposed in other studies found that the difference in DEFA-1 levels was the largest between healthy and periodontitis GCF, and periodontitis was more effectively distinguished. The differentiation of RANKL-induced BMMs into osteoclasts was significantly reduced by recombinant DEFA-1 (rDEFA-1). Conclusions: These results suggest the regulatory role of DEFA-1 in the periodontitis process and the relevance of DEFA-1 as a diagnostic target for periodontitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases)
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13 pages, 2999 KiB  
Article
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy as a Novel Method of Caries Detection—An In Vitro Comparative Study in Permanent Teeth
by Jindrich Charvat, Ales Prochazka, Tomas Kucera, Antonin Tichy, Maksim Yurchenko and Lucie Himmlova
Diagnostics 2023, 13(11), 1878; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13111878 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 1291
Abstract
This in vitro study aimed to compare outcomes of dental caries detection using visual inspection classified according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with objective assessments using a well-established laser fluorescence system (Diagnodent pen) and a novel diffuse reflectance spectroscopy [...] Read more.
This in vitro study aimed to compare outcomes of dental caries detection using visual inspection classified according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) with objective assessments using a well-established laser fluorescence system (Diagnodent pen) and a novel diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) device. One hundred extracted permanent premolars and molars were utilized, including sound teeth, teeth with non-cavitated caries, or teeth with small cavitated lesions. A total of 300 regions of interest (ROIs) were assessed using each detection method. Visual inspection, being a subjective method, was performed by two independent examiners. The presence and extent of caries were histologically verified according to Downer’s criteria, serving as a reference for other detection methods. Histological results revealed 180 sound ROIs and 120 carious ROIs, categorized into three different extents of caries. Overall, there was no significant difference between the detection methods in sensitivity (0.90–0.93) and false negative rate (0.05–0.07). However, DRS exhibited superior performance in specificity (0.98), accuracy (0.95), and false positive rate (0.04) compared to other detection methods. Although the tested DRS prototype device exhibited limited penetration depth, it shows promise as a method, particularly for the detection of incipient caries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Dental Diseases)
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