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Diagnostics
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Advances in Oral Imaging
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Advances in Oral Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 4518

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mina Mahdian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Prosthodontics and Digital Technology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: dental radiography; advanced imaging; artificial intelligence; augmented intelligence; diagnostics; optical imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Oral and maxillofacial imaging plays an integral role in the diagnosis of oral diseases. Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895, oral imaging has witnessed significant developments from 2D to 3D, and analogue to digital imaging. In early the 2000s, with the introduction of cone beam computed tomography, oral and maxillofacial imaging entered a new paradigm, and research in this area has mostly been geared towards applications, improvements in diagnostic accuracy, and dose reduction. In recent years, with the advancement of technology and data-driven research, the landscape of oral and maxillofacial imaging research has shifted towards the development of novel imaging modalities that are geared towards early detection and characterization, enhanced efficiency, improved accuracy, and reduced radiation dose. Some of these emerging technologies include dental MRI, optical imaging, intraoral tomosynthesis, dual-energy cone beam computed tomography, acoustic imaging and artificial intelligence.

This Special Issue focuses on original articles detailing novel imaging modalities and advancements in oral imaging.

Dr. Mina Mahdian
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental MRI
  • optical imaging
  • dual-energy cone beam computed tomography
  • artificial intelligence
  • radiomics
  • ultrasound
  • photo-acoustic imaging
  • optical scanner
  • CAD-CAM
  • dental radiography
  • digital radiography
  • cone beam computed tomography

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1162 KiB  
Article
Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Airway Volume and Morphology in Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns
by Silvia Izabella Pop, Ana Procopciuc, Bianca Arsintescu, Mihai Mițariu, Loredana Mițariu, Radu Vasile Pop, Diana Cerghizan and Kinga Mária Jánosi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(9), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14090903 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 216
Abstract
Background: The relationship between respiratory function and craniofacial morphology has garnered significant attention due to its implications for upper airway and stomatognathic development. Nasal breathing plays a key role in craniofacial growth and dental positioning. This study investigated upper airway morphology and volume [...] Read more.
Background: The relationship between respiratory function and craniofacial morphology has garnered significant attention due to its implications for upper airway and stomatognathic development. Nasal breathing plays a key role in craniofacial growth and dental positioning. This study investigated upper airway morphology and volume differences among individuals with class I, II, and III skeletal anomalies. Methods: Ninety orthodontic patients’ CBCT scans were analyzed to assess the oropharynx and hypopharynx volumes. Skeletal diagnosis was established based on the cephalometric analysis. Results: A significant volume change in the oropharynx and pharynx was demonstrated when comparing class II with class III anomalies (p = 0.0414, p = 0.0313). The total volume of the pharynx was increased in class III anomalies. The area of the narrowest part of the pharynx (MIN-CSA) significantly decreased in classes I and II compared to class III (p = 0.0289, p = 0.0003). Patients with Angle class III anomalies exhibited higher values in the narrowest pharyngeal segment. Gender differences were significant in pharyngeal volumes and morphologies across malocclusion classes. Conclusions: The narrowest segment of the pharynx had the highest values in patients with Angle class III. The volume of the oropharynx was found to be greater in patients with Angle class III versus patients with Angle class II. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Imaging)
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9 pages, 983 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Bilateral Landmarks of Facial Asymmetry in Skeletal Class II and Class III in Vertical Dimension: 3D Facial Scan and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
by Tanapat Jearanai, Bancha Samruajbenjakun and Pannapat Chanmanee
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060590 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 541
Abstract
Significant facial asymmetry can lead to both functional and aesthetic issues. Often, such asymmetry originates from irregularities in the jaw structure. It is critical to recognize that asymmetries can be concealed by soft tissue, which may be overlooked. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Significant facial asymmetry can lead to both functional and aesthetic issues. Often, such asymmetry originates from irregularities in the jaw structure. It is critical to recognize that asymmetries can be concealed by soft tissue, which may be overlooked. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between bilateral landmarks in the vertical dimension of facial asymmetry among individuals with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions. Fifty-two adult patients with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3.79 years with facial asymmetry who underwent orthodontic and orthognathic surgery were studied. Cone-beam computed tomography and facial scans were used to create 3D virtual head models which enhanced the accuracy in addressing facial asymmetry to ensure effective treatment planning. Each landmark was measured and digitized using the Dolphin Imaging program. The findings showed a correlation between gender and type of skeletal discrepancies with the menton deviation direction. In conclusion, the vertical discrepancy between bilateral landmarks was observable in both hard and soft tissues with more pronounced expression in soft tissues. This discrepancy was characterized by an elevation on the same side as the menton deviation, which was a feature observed in both skeletal Class II and Class III individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Imaging)
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10 pages, 1668 KiB  
Article
Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Detection and Localization of Unobturated Second Mesial Buccal (MB2) Canals in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
by Lina Albitar, Tianyun Zhao, Chuan Huang and Mina Mahdian
Diagnostics 2022, 12(12), 3214; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123214 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2568
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model to automatically detect and segment unobturated mesial buccal 2 (MB2) canals on endodontically obturated maxillary molars depicted in CBCT studies. Fifty-seven deidentified CBCT studies of maxillary molars with clinically confirmed unobturated [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model to automatically detect and segment unobturated mesial buccal 2 (MB2) canals on endodontically obturated maxillary molars depicted in CBCT studies. Fifty-seven deidentified CBCT studies of maxillary molars with clinically confirmed unobturated MB2 canals were retrieved from a dental institution radiology database. One-hundred and two maxillary molar roots with and without unobturated MB2 canals were segmented using ITK-SNAP. The data were split into training and testing samples designated to train and evaluate the performance, respectively, of a convolutional neural network (CNN), U-Net. The detection performance revealed a sensitivity of 0.8, a specificity of 1, a high PPV of 1, and a NPV of 0.83 for the testing set, along with an accuracy of 0.9. The segmentation performance of unobturated MB2 canals, assessed using the custom metric, rendered a mean value of 0.3018 for the testing set. The current AI algorithm has the potential to identify obturated and unobturated canals in endodontically treated teeth. However, the AI algorithm is still somewhat affected by metallic artifacts, variations in canal calcifications, and the applied configuration. Thus, further development is needed to improve the algorithm and validate the accuracy using external validation data sets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Imaging)
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14 pages, 5449 KiB  
Study Protocol
Comparison of Transoral and Transcervical Ultrasonography with MRI for the Diagnostic Work-Up of Oropharynx Tumors: A Protocol for a Multicenter Clinical Trial (SPOTUS)
by Martin Garset-Zamani, Gitte Bjørn Hvilsom, Thomas Kjærgaard, Christina Caroline Plaschke, Christoffer Holst Hahn, Mikkel Kaltoft, Padraig O’Leary, Natalie Lassen Frid, Rikke Norling, Danijela Dejanovic, Johanna Maria Hall, Tina Klitmøller Agander, Signe Bergliot Nielsen, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Irene Wessel, Christian von Buchwald and Tobias Todsen
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060577 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 616
Abstract
This study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic, clinical trial describes the integration of transoral and transcervical ultrasonography (US) in the initial clinical work-up of patients referred to tertiary head and neck cancer centers with suspected oropharyngeal cancer. The study evaluates the blinded [...] Read more.
This study protocol for a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic, clinical trial describes the integration of transoral and transcervical ultrasonography (US) in the initial clinical work-up of patients referred to tertiary head and neck cancer centers with suspected oropharyngeal cancer. The study evaluates the blinded detection rate of oropharyngeal tumors and their US-estimated size and T-stage before histopathology and cross-sectional imaging are available. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans will be prospectively rated while blinded to T-site histopathology and US. The primary outcome measures of diagnostic accuracy, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy, will be reported for both US and MRI. A sub-analysis of prospectively rated 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) scans in patients with clinically suspected unknown primary tumors will also be compared to US and MRI. Secondary outcome measures, including a comparison of tumor size estimation between US, MRI, and CT, will also be reported. This prospective multicenter study will provide clinically impactful information regarding the use of transoral and transcervical US for the diagnostic work-up of oropharyngeal cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oral Imaging)
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