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Diagnostics
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Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition
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Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 3075

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yuichi Yoshii

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
Interests: orthopaedic surgery; computer-assisted surgery; computer vision; biomechanics; hand surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chien-Kuo Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Imaging, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: musculoskeletal radiology; spine imaging; computer-aided diagnosis; interventional radiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diagnostic imaging that visualizes the functions of bones and joints are highly anticipated in daily clinical practice. The diagnostic accuracy of musculoskeletal diseases has improved with the development of new imaging equipment, image processing technologies, and image analysis methods. Recently, various image analysis techniques, such as AI diagnosis, 2D-3D reconstruction, functional imaging, and fusion imaging have also been developed.

The first Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging" was so well received that it was decided to call for papers for the second edition. The purpose of this Special Issue, like the first, is to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders using the latest bone-joint imaging technologies. This Special Issue will focus on current topics related to advances in bone and joint imaging, including computer-aided assessment, artificial intelligence, morphological analysis, functional imaging, and combined modalities.

Dr. Yuichi Yoshii
Dr. Chien-Kuo Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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18 pages, 2634 KiB  
Article
Preoperative Assessment of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Using [18F]fluoride Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI in Correlation with Histomorphometry and Micro-CT—A Prospective Comparative Study
by Christian Philipp Reinert, Christina Pfannenberg, Brigitte Gückel, Helmut Dittmann, Christian la Fougère, Konstantin Nikolaou, Siegmar Reinert, Rouven Schönhof and Sebastian Hoefert
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 428; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040428 - 15 Feb 2024
Viewed by 648
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative assessment and to correlate them with microarchitectural and [...] Read more.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using [18F]fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for preoperative assessment and to correlate them with microarchitectural and histomorphometric data with respect to clinical findings. Methods: Twelve patients (five female; mean age 75 ± 7.6 yr) with symptomatic MRONJ underwent both scans on the same day, and imaging findings were used to plan surgical interventions for seven patients. Bone tracer uptake was classified as high, medium, or low, and surgical samples were evaluated using Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis. Results: CT showed medullary sclerosis in all patients, and MRI revealed gadolinium enhancement in four patients. PET imaging revealed remarkably elevated [18F]fluoride uptake and moderately increased [18F]FDG uptake in MRONJ compared to healthy jawbones, with both differences being statistically significant. [18F]fluoride uptake was associated with necrosis, bacteria, and inflammatory tissue. Micro-CT data did not show significant differences, but histomorphometric analysis revealed higher osteocyte and lacunae densities in the high [18F]fluoride uptake group, and more necrotic bone in the medium [18F]fluoride uptake group. Bacteria were observed in all areas. Conclusions: In summary, [18F]fluoride PET accurately identified MRONJ extent, revealing functional changes in jawbone remodeling not visible on CT. [18F]FDG PET showed differences in bone and soft tissue, though less pronounced. This method aids in evaluating disease activity and guiding treatment planning, requiring further research for optimal surgical approaches based on tracer uptake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2309 KiB  
Article
Detection of Factors Related to the Development of Osteochondritis Dissecans in Youth Baseball Players Screening
by Shotaro Teruya, Takeshi Ogawa, Hiroki Yamada, Hiromitsu Tsuge, Ryuhei Michinobu, Kazuhiro Ikeda, Yuki Hara, Hiroshi Kamada, Masashi Yamazaki and Yuichi Yoshii
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3589; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233589 - 03 Dec 2023
Viewed by 799
Abstract
On-field screening for ‘elbow injury in baseball’, a condition commonly seen in youth baseball players, was conducted over two years on 160 elementary school students in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. This on-field screening was conducted in collaboration with the Ibaraki Prefecture High School Baseball [...] Read more.
On-field screening for ‘elbow injury in baseball’, a condition commonly seen in youth baseball players, was conducted over two years on 160 elementary school students in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. This on-field screening was conducted in collaboration with the Ibaraki Prefecture High School Baseball Federation. Pitchers, catchers, symptomatic players, and players who had previously experienced elbow pain were given a comprehensive evaluation that included a physical exam and ultrasound. Out of the 135 students who were successfully screened, 10 were diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (OCD). Notably, seven among these were asymptomatic. This assessment identified limited range of motion and pain when extending their elbow as significant risk factors for OCD. An attempt at on-field screening for baseball elbow injuries in collaboration with the local baseball federation was introduced. The risk factors for OCD were identified. Considering these factors, more efficient screening will be possible in the next attempt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 1329 KiB  
Article
Coexistence of Vertebral and Intervertebral Disc Changes in Low Back Pain Patients—In Depth Characterization with Same Day MRI and CT Discography
by Hanna Hebelka, Alfred Erkmar, Helena Brisby and Kerstin Lagerstrand
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3528; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233528 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 627
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent annular fissures, vertebral and endplate changes, and Modic changes (MCs), coexist in low back pain (LBP) patients by using multiple imaging modalities. Sixty-two LBP patients (mean age 45 years, range 24–63, 53% [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent annular fissures, vertebral and endplate changes, and Modic changes (MCs), coexist in low back pain (LBP) patients by using multiple imaging modalities. Sixty-two LBP patients (mean age 45 years, range 24–63, 53% men) were examined with same-day CT-discography and MRI. Intervertebral discs punctured for discography (n = 204) were evaluated on MRI [Pfirrmann grade, High-Intensity Zone (HIZ)] and on CT-discograms [Modified Dallas Discogram Score (DDS)]. DDS≥ 1, i.e., disc fissures involving the outer annulus were further digitomized into delimitable fissuring (<50% of annulus affected) or non-delimitable annular fissuring. Using both MRI and CT, adjacent vertebrae and endplates were assessed for MC, vertebral sclerosis, and a modified endplate defect score (EPS). In 194 discs the contrast agent was adequately injected during discography, of which 160 (83%) displayed outer annular fissures, with 91 (47%) of the latter being delimitable fissures. Most discs with delimitable fissures were moderately degenerated; 68% Pfirrmann grade ≤3, 71% EPS ≤ 2, and 12% displayed MC. The majority (76%) of MCs were associated with advanced adjacent disc degeneration; 84% Pfirrmann grade ≥4, 76% with non-delimitable annular fissuring, 59% EPS≥ 4, and 34% EPS of 3. A total 95 HIZ (47%) were found, of which 54 had delimitable fissuring, while the remainder displayed non-delimitable fissuring. Vertebral sclerosis was commonly observed (26%), both with MCs (73%) and without MCs (27%), and not specifically linked to MC type 3. A total of 97% of segments with vertebral sclerosis displayed outer annular fissures. These findings were significant (0.046 > p > 0.0001), except between HIZ and adjacent sclerosis (p = 0.303). To conclude, the present study confirmed a close interplay between the disc and adjacent vertebra and endplates. The fact that a majority of discs with delimitable annular fissures did not coexist with pronounced endplate changes and/or MCs, however, supports the theory that disc fissuring is an early event in the degenerative cascade. This was further supported by the fact that MCs were strongly linked to extensive disc fissuring and to advanced endplate damage. Further, vertebral sclerosis was common also in vertebra without MCs and strongly associated to annular fissuring, indicating that sclerosis is a previously underestimated feature of a general degenerative process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition)
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7 pages, 1782 KiB  
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A Case Showing a New Diagnostic Aspect of the Application of Radiofrequency Echographic Multi-Spectrometry (REMS)
by Nikola Kirilov, Fabian Bischoff, Stoyanka Vladeva and Elena Bischoff
Diagnostics 2023, 13(20), 3224; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203224 - 17 Oct 2023
Viewed by 746
Abstract
Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) is an ultrasound technique that has been recently introduced in the medical field to detect osteoporosis and fracture risk at axial sites. The use of sonography to visualize the region of interest (ROI) of the hip neck provides the [...] Read more.
Radiofrequency echographic multi-spectrometry (REMS) is an ultrasound technique that has been recently introduced in the medical field to detect osteoporosis and fracture risk at axial sites. The use of sonography to visualize the region of interest (ROI) of the hip neck provides the opportunity to identify occult fractures. A 91-year-old woman with persistent right leg pain was referred to rheumatologist due to a known history of arthritis and osteoporosis. She was able to walk using a crutch, although experiencing an antalgic gait. The patient had recently fallen on her right side from standing height. During the visualization of the ROI of the right femoral neck using REMS, an abrupt break of the femoral cortex suspected to be a fracture was seen; therefore, the measurement of the femoral neck was performed on the left side. The T-score had value of −2.9 SD and the fragility score was 86.7. Due to unclear signs of a fracture after an X-ray of the hip, a computed tomography (CT) exam of the hip was performed, which revealed a femoral neck fracture. Occult fractures of the femoral neck are challenging to diagnose and require numerous radiologic exams. The use of ultrasound as a method to measure bone density allows the simultaneous diagnosis of osteoporosis and detection of fractures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bone and Joint Imaging—2nd Edition)
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