Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 791

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Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: pulmonary; tuberculosis; diagnosis; resistance; treatment; nontuberculous mycobacteria
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pulmonary diseases have exerted a considerable impact on human health throughout history. A myriad of viruses and bacterial pathogens induce pulmonary infections. In the past few years, the etiological agents of severe infectious diseases, including COVID-19, have been identified. Concurrently, persistent challenges such as tuberculosis and the global surge in nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease demand ongoing attention. Furthermore, conditions associated with high mortality rates, such as lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases, present complex pathophysiological mechanisms that necessitate further investigation. Chronic airway diseases, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis, continue to escalate the healthcare burden.

Recent progress in diverse research methodologies has substantially enhanced the diagnostic and therapeutic landscape of respiratory conditions. Applications of molecular diagnostics, single-cell RNA sequencing, microbiome analyses, and organoid models to pulmonary disease research are proliferating. These approaches have yielded numerous instruments for elucidating etiology, refining diagnostic criteria, forecasting prognoses, and identifying therapeutic targets. In the context of emerging pharmacotherapies, active scholarly collaboration and the swift, precise dissemination of research findings among scientists are paramount.

Accordingly, this special issue is dedicated to presenting an updated compendium of advancements in pulmonary medicine, aiming to stimulate interest and discourse in the domain.

Dr. Byung Woo Jhun
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • pulmonary disease
  • lung disease
  • chronic airway diseases
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • prognosis

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3364 KiB  
Article
Time-Sequential Monitoring of the Early Mesothelial Reaction in the Pleura after Cryoinjury
by Taeyun Kim, Yu-Kyung Chae, Sung-Jin Nam, Haeyoung Lee, Sang-Suk Hwang, Eun-Kee Park, Yeh-Chan Ahn and Chulho Oak
Diagnostics 2024, 14(3), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14030292 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 574
Abstract
(1) Background: An early mesothelial reaction of the pleura, leading to fibrosis, has been reported in animals after chemical or heavy metal exposure. However, the visual monitoring of early time-sequential mesothelial reaction-associated cryoinjury has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to [...] Read more.
(1) Background: An early mesothelial reaction of the pleura, leading to fibrosis, has been reported in animals after chemical or heavy metal exposure. However, the visual monitoring of early time-sequential mesothelial reaction-associated cryoinjury has not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and visualize the early mesothelial reactions seen following cryoinjury using rabbit pleura. (2) Methods: We monitored the early mesothelial reaction in rabbit pleurae after cryoinjury using optical coherence tomography (OCT), in real-time, which was then compared with pathological images. Due to the penetration limit of OCT, we made a thoracic window to image the parietal and visceral pleurae in vivo. We also used an innovative technique for capturing the microstructure in vivo, employing a computer-controlled intermittent iso-pressure breath hold to reduce respiratory motion, increasing the resolution of OCT. We organized three sample groups: the normal group, the sham group with just a thoracic window, and the experimental group with a thoracic window and cryotherapy. In the experimental group, localized cryoinjury was performed. The mesothelial cells at the level of pleura of the cryotherapy-injured site were visualized by OCT within the first 30 min and then again after 2 days at the same site. (3) Results: In the experimental group, focal thickening of the parietal pleura was observed at the site of cryoinjury using OCT after the first injury, and it was then confirmed pathologically as focal mesothelial cell proliferation. Two days after cryoinjury, diffuse mesothelial cell proliferation in the parietal pleura was noted on the reverse side around the cryoinjured site in the same rabbit. In the sham group, no pleural reaction was found. The OCT and pathological examinations revealed different patterns of mesothelial cell reactions between the parietal and visceral pleurae: the focal proliferation of mesothelial cells was found in the parietal pleura, while only a morphological change from flat cells to cuboidal cells and a thickened monolayer without proliferation of mesothelial cells were found in the visceral pleural. (4) Conclusions: An early mesothelial reaction occurs following cryoinjury to the parietal and visceral pleurae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management)
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