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Diagnostics
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Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders
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Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3350

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tadashi Shiohama

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608677, Japan
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging; megalencephaly; microcephaly; hedgehog signaling; PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling; birth cohort study
Dr. Emi Takahashi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
Interests: diffusion MRI, tractography; diffusion tensor imaging; brain development; fetal and early postnatal brain

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly useful modality that noninvasively provides brain structures and signal intensities with a high spatial resolution. In the general clinical setting, the characteristics of brain MRI were visually assessed, while the recent advances in quantitative morphometric pipelines enabled the automatic comprehensive measurements of cortical and subcortical structures and white matter pathways on MRI images. These novel approaches have potentially helped to enhance clinical diagnoses, discover pathophysiological mechanisms, and identify neuroimaging-based biomarkers in various disorders.

In this Special Issue, we look forward to receiving original articles, reviews, and short communications highlighting clinical research on brain MRI in patients with congenital genetic disorders, chromosomal disorders, neurodevelopmental diseases, psychological disorders, perinatal disorders, and systemic disorders (such as endocrinologic disorders, autoimmunologic disorders, and malignant disorders). We also welcome receiving original articles on novel statistical approaches or methodological technologies of brain MRI.

Dr. Tadashi Shiohama
Dr. Emi Takahashi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brain magnetic resonance imaging
  • quantitative morphometry
  • biomarkers
  • medical imaging

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3121 KiB  
Article
A Brain Morphometry Study with Across-Site Harmonization Using a ComBat-Generalized Additive Model in Children and Adolescents
by Tadashi Shiohama, Norihide Maikusa, Masahiro Kawaguchi, Jun Natsume, Yoshiyuki Hirano, Keito Saito, Jun-ichi Takanashi, Jacob Levman, Emi Takahashi, Koji Matsumoto, Hajime Yokota, Shinya Hattori, Keita Tsujimura, Daisuke Sawada, Tomoko Uchida, Tomozumi Takatani, Katsunori Fujii, Shinji Naganawa, Noriko Sato and Hiromichi Hamada
Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2774; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172774 - 27 Aug 2023
Viewed by 930
Abstract
Regional anatomical structures of the brain are intimately connected to functions corresponding to specific regions and the temporospatial pattern of genetic expression and their functions from the fetal period to old age. Therefore, quantitative brain morphometry has often been employed in neuroscience investigations, [...] Read more.
Regional anatomical structures of the brain are intimately connected to functions corresponding to specific regions and the temporospatial pattern of genetic expression and their functions from the fetal period to old age. Therefore, quantitative brain morphometry has often been employed in neuroscience investigations, while controlling for the scanner effect of the scanner is a critical issue for ensuring accuracy in brain morphometric studies of rare orphan diseases due to the lack of normal reference values available for multicenter studies. This study aimed to provide across-site normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes for each sex and age group in children and adolescents. We collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 846 neurotypical participants aged 6.0–17.9 years (339 male and 507 female participants) from 5 institutions comprising healthy volunteers or neurotypical patients without neurological disorders, neuropsychological disorders, or epilepsy. Regional-based analysis using the CIVET 2.1.0. pipeline provided regional brain volumes, and the measurements were across-site combined using ComBat-GAM harmonization. The normal reference values of global and regional brain volumes and lateral indices in our study could be helpful for evaluating the characteristics of the brain morphology of each individual in a clinical setting and investigating the brain morphology of ultra-rare diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders)
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Other

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2 pages, 166 KiB  
Reply
Reply to Kim et al. Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis in the Context of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease. Comment on “Chen et al. Rapid Progressive Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2481”
by Hung-Chieh Chen and Ting-Bin Chen
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3549; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233549 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 432
Abstract
We want to express our appreciation for the insightful comments [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders)
4 pages, 195 KiB  
Comment
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis in the Context of MOG Antibody-Associated Disease. Comment on Chen et al. Rapid Progressive Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2481
by Sohyeon Kim, Mi-Yeon Eun, Jae-Joon Lee and Hung Youl Seok
Diagnostics 2023, 13(19), 3148; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13193148 - 07 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 736
Abstract
The study by Chen et al. of a 56-year-old man diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) had a significant impact on us. The authors provided a comprehensive account of their diagnostic journey and emphasized the need to differentiate myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease [...] Read more.
The study by Chen et al. of a 56-year-old man diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) had a significant impact on us. The authors provided a comprehensive account of their diagnostic journey and emphasized the need to differentiate myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) from AHEM. However, recent research suggests that AHEM may not be an isolated entity, but rather a phenotype within MOGAD. The patient’s clinical presentation included MRI brain lesions characteristic of MOGAD in addition to hemorrhagic abnormalities. These findings raise the possibility that AHEM in this case represents a MOGAD phenotype. In conclusion, it is important to recognize the potential association between AHEM and MOGAD, especially when distinct MOGAD brain MRI patterns are present, as in this case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders)
5 pages, 6953 KiB  
Interesting Images
Rapid Progressive Fatal Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis
by Ssu-Yu Chen, Hung-Chieh Chen and Ting-Bin Chen
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2481; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152481 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 915
Abstract
Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) is the most severe form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Patients with AHEM usually have unfavorable outcomes with high mortality rate. We reported a middle-aged male, who was diagnosed with AHEM and died 35 days after admission even under [...] Read more.
Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) is the most severe form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Patients with AHEM usually have unfavorable outcomes with high mortality rate. We reported a middle-aged male, who was diagnosed with AHEM and died 35 days after admission even under intensive immune therapy. Clinical courses were recorded and serial MR images were demonstrated to illustrate the rapidly changes in brain parenchyma. By highlighting these aspects, we hope to provide valuable insights for future studies and potential advancements in the management of AHEM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Human Disorders)
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