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Diagnostics
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State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma
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State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 14860

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Padukudru Anand Mahesh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
Interests: asthma
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by reversible airflow limitation and is a major cause of  morbidity across the globe. Around 300 million people suffer from asthma across the globe. There are several national and international guidelines for the management of asthma including GINA, NAEPP, BTS, NICE, there are several factors that still need to bee addressed and asthma continues to be an important public health problem. For example, there is little information on the predictors of airway remodelling and how to manage them. Even more importantly are there any biomarkers that can help to identify airway remodelling and are there interventions that can prevent it. Many of the patients are clinically managed as COPD when they have airway remodelling? How strong is the evidence for each of the treatment options? More than 70% of patients with asthma have disease progression. What are the biomarkers and interventions of value that are currently available or in the future that could help to identify subjects who are at risk for rapid progression so that worsening of the disease can be arrested? How well have we understood asthma genetics and have we obtained valuable information that could be of clinical value for the routine management of asthma patients? What are the lessons we have learnt from the “omics” platforms (proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, metagenomics, epigenomics) that can be translated from bench to bedside? What do we know about primary and secondary prevention of asthma that can be used to reduce the burden of asthma in the community? What is the role of exercise, stress, endocrine imbalances, diet, early life influences, environmental exposomes and what interventions have the potential to reduce the incidence of asthma and improve the quality of life of those already suffering? What is the impact of climate change and air pollution of asthma globally and whether all the countries are affected to the same extent? What is the role of newer treatment options including biologics, bronchial thermoplasty, as well as novel methods of older established forms of modulating allergic diseases, such as allergen immunotherapy? How do we reduce asthma exacerbations and reduce mortality specially in LMIC countries?

We have undoubtedly made great progress in the last few decades,  but we still have a long way to go to reduce the huge public health problem.

It is our great pleasure to invite you to submit articles on the topic of asthma. This Special Issue, entitled “Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Novel therapeutics in Asthma” will cover all aspects of epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, biomarkers, clinical investigations, treatment options, prognosis, natural history regarding asthma. I believe this would present an excellent opportunity to publish your hard work. Articles such as original articles or narrative or systematic reviews are welcome. Please note that we do not accept case/brief reports. 

Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Burden of asthma (national or global estimates)
  • Risk factors
  • Climate change, air pollution (indoor and outdoor) and asthma
  • Pathophysiologic mechanisms in asthma
  • Genomics in asthma
  • Metabolomics in asthma
  • Epigenetics in asthma
  • Metagenomics, gut microbiome, lung microbiome in asthma
  • Biomarkers in asthma
  • Airway remodelling in asthma
  • Phenotypes and endotypes in asthma
  • Advances in inhalation therapy
  • Frequent exacerbators and disease progression in asthma
  • Patient-reported outcomes
  • Health status or health-related quality of life
  • Biologics in asthma
  • Integrated care as well as asthma care bundles
  • Asthma and COVID 19
  • Telemedicine and eHealth in the management of asthma
  • Evidence gaps in current guidelines

Prof. Dr. Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Unveiling Asthma’s Complex Tapestry: Insights from Diverse Perspectives
by Mahesh Padukudru Anand
Diagnostics 2023, 13(17), 2798; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172798 - 29 Aug 2023
Viewed by 518
Abstract
Asthma, a chronic respiratory disorder affecting millions worldwide, exhibits considerable heterogeneity in its clinical presentation, severity, and response to therapy [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

11 pages, 1030 KiB  
Article
Asthma Hospital Admission and Readmission Spikes, Advancing Accurate Classification to Advance Understanding of Causes
by Mehak Batra, Bircan Erbas and Don Vicendese
Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2445; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102445 - 10 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Background: An important component of asthma care is understanding potential causes of high asthma admissions (HAADs) or readmissions (HARDs) with potential of risk mitigation. Crucial to this research is accurately distinguishing these events from background seasonal changes and time trends. To date, classification [...] Read more.
Background: An important component of asthma care is understanding potential causes of high asthma admissions (HAADs) or readmissions (HARDs) with potential of risk mitigation. Crucial to this research is accurately distinguishing these events from background seasonal changes and time trends. To date, classification methods have been based on ad hoc and untested definitions which may hamper understanding causes of HAADs and HARDs due to misclassification. The aim of this article is to introduce an easily applied robust statistical approach, with high classification accuracy in other settings—the Seasonal Hybrid Extreme Studentized Deviate (S-H-ESD) method. Methods: We demonstrate S-H-ESD on a time series between 1996 and 2009 of all daily paediatric asthma hospital admissions in Victoria, Australia. Results: S-H-ESD clearly identified HAADs and HARDs without applying ad hoc classification definitions, while appropriately accounting for seasonality and time trend. Importantly, it was done with statistical testing, providing evidence in support of their identification. Conclusion: S-H-ESD is useful and statistically appropriate for accurate classification of HAADs and HARDS. It obviates ad hoc approaches and presents as a means of systemizing their accurate classification and detection. This will strengthen synthesis and efficacy of research toward understanding causes of HAADs and HARDs for their risk mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma)
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

12 pages, 726 KiB  
Review
Update on the Role of FeNO in Asthma Management
by Neveda Murugesan, Damini Saxena, Arundhati Dileep, Muhammad Adrish and Nicola A. Hanania
Diagnostics 2023, 13(8), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081428 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 8279
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogenous disorder characterized by presence of different phenotypes and endotypes. Up to 10% of the individuals suffer from severe asthma and are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a cost-effective, point of care [...] Read more.
Asthma is a heterogenous disorder characterized by presence of different phenotypes and endotypes. Up to 10% of the individuals suffer from severe asthma and are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a cost-effective, point of care biomarker that is used to detect type 2 airway inflammation. Guidelines have proposed to measure FeNO as an adjunct to diagnostic evaluation in individuals with suspected asthma and to monitor airway inflammation. FeNO has lower sensitivity, suggesting that it may not be a good biomarker to rule out asthma. FeNO may also be used to predict response to inhaled corticosteroids, predict adherence and deciding on biologic therapy. Higher levels of FeNO have been associated with lower lung function and increased risk for future asthma exacerbations and its predictive value increases when combined with other standard measurements of asthma assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma)
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20 pages, 1660 KiB  
Review
Airway Epithelium: A Neglected but Crucial Cell Type in Asthma Pathobiology
by Sabita Singh, Joytri Dutta, Archita Ray, Atmaja Karmakar and Ulaganathan Mabalirajan
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040808 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
The features of allergic asthma are believed to be mediated mostly through the Th2 immune response. In this Th2-dominant concept, the airway epithelium is presented as the helpless victim of Th2 cytokines. However, this Th2-dominant concept is inadequate to fill some of the [...] Read more.
The features of allergic asthma are believed to be mediated mostly through the Th2 immune response. In this Th2-dominant concept, the airway epithelium is presented as the helpless victim of Th2 cytokines. However, this Th2-dominant concept is inadequate to fill some of the vital knowledge gaps in asthma pathogenesis, like the poor correlation between airway inflammation and airway remodeling and severe asthma endotypes, including Th2-low asthma, therapy resistance, etc. Since the discovery of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in 2010, asthma researchers started believing in that the airway epithelium played a crucial role, as alarmins, which are the inducers of ILC2, are almost exclusively secreted by the airway epithelium. This underscores the eminence of airway epithelium in asthma pathogenesis. However, the airway epithelium has a bipartite functionality in sustaining healthy lung homeostasis and asthmatic lungs. On the one hand, the airway epithelium maintains lung homeostasis against environmental irritants/pollutants with the aid of its various armamentaria, including its chemosensory apparatus and detoxification system. Alternatively, it induces an ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response through alarmins to amplify the inflammatory response. However, the available evidence indicates that restoring epithelial health may attenuate asthmatic features. Thus, we conjecture that an epithelium-driven concept in asthma pathogenesis could fill most of the gaps in current asthma knowledge, and the incorporation of epithelial-protective agents to enhance the robustness of the epithelial barrier and the combative capacity of the airway epithelium against exogenous irritants/allergens may mitigate asthma incidence and severity, resulting in better asthma control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma)
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Other

15 pages, 1038 KiB  
Systematic Review
Aspergillus Sensitization and Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Asthmatic Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Ritesh Agarwal, Valliappan Muthu, Inderpaul Singh Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Kuruswamy Thurai Prasad, Kathirvel Soundappan, Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy, Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal and Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Diagnostics 2023, 13(5), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13050922 - 01 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of aspergillus sensitization (AS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthmatic children remains unclear. Objective: To systematically review the literature to estimate the prevalence of AS and ABPA in children with bronchial asthma. Methods: We searched the [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence of aspergillus sensitization (AS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthmatic children remains unclear. Objective: To systematically review the literature to estimate the prevalence of AS and ABPA in children with bronchial asthma. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies reporting the prevalence of AS or ABPA in pediatric asthma. The primary outcome was to assess the prevalence of AS, while the secondary outcome was to evaluate the prevalence of ABPA. We pooled the prevalence estimates using a random effects model. We also calculated the heterogeneity and publication bias. Results: Of the 11,695 records retrieved, 16 studies with 2468 asthmatic children met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published from tertiary centers. The pooled prevalence of AS in asthma (15 studies; 2361 subjects) was 16.1% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 9.3–24.3). The prevalence of AS was significantly higher in prospective studies, studies from India, and those from developing countries. The pooled prevalence of ABPA in asthma (5 studies; 505 children) was 9.9% (95% CI, 0.81–27.6). There was significant heterogeneity and publication bias for both outcomes. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of AS and ABPA in asthmatic children. There is a need for community-based studies from different ethnicities using a standard methodology to ascertain the true prevalence of AS and ABPA in pediatric asthma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research on Asthma)
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