The Use of PSMA in Nuclear Medicine beyond Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1338

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Nuclear Medicine Department, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
Interests: nuclear medicine; PET imaging; theranostic; radiomics

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Guest Editor
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: PET/CT; PET/MRI; artificial intelligence; theranostic
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the growing popularity of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging for prostate cancer has resulted in the incidental discovery of abnormal uptakes associated with the presence of inflammatory, infectious, extra-prostatic neoplastic, and dysmetabolic diseases.

As a result of these incidental findings, an increasing number of immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of expression of PSMA have been observed in several other normal tissues (such as renal tubules, salivary and lacrimal glands, small and large intestine, astrocytes, liver, spleen, thyroid, and synovial tissue), non-neoplastic conditions (infectious or inflammatory processes of bone-related conditions, benign diseases) and non-prostatic malignancies (salivary gland tumors, thyroid tumors, hepatocarcinoma, renal carcinomas, glioblastoma, breast tumors, lung tumors, gastric carcinoma, osteosarcoma, pancreatic cancer, gynecological malignancies, etc.).

Particularly in the oncology field, data from the literature have demonstrated that PSMA- and FDG-based imaging could play a complementary role in detecting the same phenomenon from multiple perspectives, providing molecular information on cancer biology with important consideration for radioligand therapy (RLT). Indeed, evidence of PSMA expression by a tumor would allow radioligand therapy to be used on the patient; thus, selected patients might benefit from a dual-tracer strategy.

This Special Issue aims to collect further scientific evidence on extra-prostatic tumors and benign pathologies that exhibit PSMA expression and can be studied with PSMA-based positron emission tomography (PET) as an additional or alternative tool to conventional imaging, with the aim of providing an overview of possible future applications of PSMA, both in diagnostic and theranostic settings.

In this Special Issue, we will collect case reports, original articles, and reviews focused on novel insights into PSMA-PET and therapy in oncological and non-oncological fields.

Dr. Virginia Liberini
Dr. Riccardo Laudicella
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • nuclear medicine
  • theranostic
  • PSMA
  • PET
  • cancer

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Article
Dependence of Renal Uptake on Kidney Function in [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging
by Falk Gühne, Till Schilder, Philipp Seifert, Christian Kühnel and Martin Freesmeyer
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070696 - 26 Mar 2024
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Abstract
(1) Background: PSMA ligand PET/CT is increasingly important for diagnostics of prostate cancer and other tumor diseases. In particular, the radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is widely used. Besides its tumor-specific binding, the uptake within the kidneys is dominant and seems to visualize the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: PSMA ligand PET/CT is increasingly important for diagnostics of prostate cancer and other tumor diseases. In particular, the radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 is widely used. Besides its tumor-specific binding, the uptake within the kidneys is dominant and seems to visualize the renal cortex specifically. Kidney diseases may alter the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals. Therefore, the correlation between renal uptake in PET/CT imaging and renal function should be investigated. (2) Methods: A group of 103 male patients were retrospectively evaluated for eGFR according to the CKD-EPI equation, tracer uptake intensity (SUVmax, SUVpeak, SUVmean), the molecular volume of the renal cortex, morphological kidney size, and total renal uptake. Manual and three different computer-assisted contouring methods (thresholds at 50% of SUVmax, 30% of SUVmax, and absolute SUV of 20) were used for measurements. Correlations between parameters were calculated using linear regression models. (3) Results: Renal SUVmax, SUVpeak, and SUVmean do not correlate with eGFR for manual or computer-assisted measurements. In contrast, molecular cortex volume shows a moderate correlation with eGFR (R2 = 0.231, p < 0.001), superior to morphological kidney size. A contouring threshold of 30% of SUVmax outperformed the other settings for renal cortex volume and total renal uptake. (4) Conclusions: Renal uptake of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 cannot predict eGFR, but the functional renal cortex can be quantified by PET/CT imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of PSMA in Nuclear Medicine beyond Prostate Cancer)
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68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient with Castleman Disease of the Retroperitoneum
by Rui Zuo, Lu Xu and Hua Pang
Diagnostics 2024, 14(4), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040372 - 08 Feb 2024
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Abstract
This is a case of a 42-year-old man with recurrent symptoms of dizziness and a newly found retroperitoneal mass with no 131I-MIBG uptake who was referred for restaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and local 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT. The examinations both showed intense [...] Read more.
This is a case of a 42-year-old man with recurrent symptoms of dizziness and a newly found retroperitoneal mass with no 131I-MIBG uptake who was referred for restaging with 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and local 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT. The examinations both showed intense radioactivity uptake in the retroperitoneal mass and no abnormal uptake in the right adrenal nodule. Two lesions showed distinct properties of radioactivity uptake, which suggested the possibility of different sources. A postoperative pathological test revealed that the morphology and immunohistochemistry of the retroperitoneal mass was found to be consistent with Castleman disease, and the right adrenal gland was normal tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of PSMA in Nuclear Medicine beyond Prostate Cancer)
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