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Diagnostics
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Imaging and Chest Diseases
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Imaging and Chest Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 12752

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mandeep Garg

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Guest Editor
Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Interests: chest radiology; diagnostic radiology; lung infections; pulmonary aspergillosis; COVID-19; lung cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Uma Debi

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Interests: radiodiagnosis & imaging
Dr. Nidhi Prabhakar

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Radiodiagnosis & Imaging, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
Interests: radiodiagnosis & imaging
Dr. Amit Kumar Janu

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Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
2. Department of Health Sciences, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
Interests: radiodiagnosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

This Special Issue, ‘Imaging and Chest Diseases’, aims to highlight the role of recent technological advancements in imaging modalities with a special focus on CT and lung MRI. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, management, and prognostication of various chest diseases, and the technology has undergone significant changes recently. In this context, original articles, review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and commentaries based on the scientific content and the novelty of the research will be published. The role of newer technologies, such as dual-energy and photon-counting CT, low-dose and ultra-low dose CT, other radiation dose reduction protocols, functional lung MRI, etc., will be covered in this Special Issue.

Dr. Mandeep Garg
Dr. Uma Debi
Dr. Nidhi Prabhakar
Dr. Amit Kumar Janu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung infections
  • inflammatory disorders of the chest
  • lung cancer
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • interstitial lung diseases
  • developmental/congenital lung disorders
  • chest trauma

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1787 KiB  
Article
Association of Late Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score with Clinical Outcome in Patients with Influenza-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
by Hsiao-Chin Shen, Chun-Chia Chen, Wei-Chih Chen, Wen-Kuang Yu, Kuang-Yao Yang and Yuh-Min Chen
Diagnostics 2023, 13(23), 3572; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233572 - 30 Nov 2023
Viewed by 761
Abstract
Background: Influenza virus infection leads to acute pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score has been proposed as a reliable tool for the evaluation of the opacity of chest X-rays (CXRs). This study aimed [...] Read more.
Background: Influenza virus infection leads to acute pulmonary injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) score has been proposed as a reliable tool for the evaluation of the opacity of chest X-rays (CXRs). This study aimed to examine the RALE scores and outcomes in patients with influenza-associated ARDS. Methods: Patients who were newly diagnosed with influenza-associated ARDS from December 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled. Two independent reviewers scored the CXRs obtained on the day of ICU admission and on days 2 and 7 after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Results: During the study, 47 patients had influenza-associated ARDS. Five died within 7 days of ICU admission. Of the remaining 42, non-survivors (N = 12) had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (SOFA) at ICU admission and higher day 7 RALE scores than survivors (N = 30). The day 7 RALE score independently related to late in-hospital mortality (aOR = 1.121, 95% CI: 1.014–1.240, p = 0.025). Conclusions: The RALE score for the evaluation of opacity on CXRs is a highly reproducible tool. Moreover, RALE score on day 7 was an independent predictor of late in-hospital mortality in patients with influenza-associated ARDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging and Chest Diseases)
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14 pages, 2112 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Chest X-ray Scores and their Relations with Clinical Variables and Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients
by Beiyi Shen, Wei Hou, Zhao Jiang, Haifang Li, Adam J. Singer, Mahsa Hoshmand-Kochi, Almas Abbasi, Samantha Glass, Henry C. Thode, Jeffrey Levsky, Michael Lipton and Tim Q. Duong
Diagnostics 2023, 13(6), 1107; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061107 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7779
Abstract
Background: This study evaluated the temporal characteristics of lung chest X-ray (CXR) scores in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and how they relate to other clinical variables and outcomes (alive or dead). Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients. CXR scores of [...] Read more.
Background: This study evaluated the temporal characteristics of lung chest X-ray (CXR) scores in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and how they relate to other clinical variables and outcomes (alive or dead). Methods: This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 patients. CXR scores of disease severity were analyzed for: (i) survivors (N = 224) versus non-survivors (N = 28) in the general floor group, and (ii) survivors (N = 92) versus non-survivors (N = 56) in the invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) group. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare survivors and non-survivors and between time points. Comparison across multiple time points used repeated measures ANOVA and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: For general-floor patients, non-survivor CXR scores were significantly worse at admission compared to those of survivors (p < 0.05), and non-survivor CXR scores deteriorated at outcome (p < 0.05) whereas survivor CXR scores did not (p > 0.05). For IMV patients, survivor and non-survivor CXR scores were similar at intubation (p > 0.05), and both improved at outcome (p < 0.05), with survivor scores showing greater improvement (p < 0.05). Hospitalization and IMV duration were not different between groups (p > 0.05). CXR scores were significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase, respiratory rate, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, SpO2, and lymphocyte count (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Longitudinal CXR scores have the potential to provide prognosis, guide treatment, and monitor disease progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging and Chest Diseases)
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15 pages, 2297 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Low Dose CT Chest in Acute COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Pilot Study from India
by Mandeep Garg, Shritik Devkota, Nidhi Prabhakar, Uma Debi, Maninder Kaur, Inderpaul S. Sehgal, Sahajal Dhooria, Ashish Bhalla and Manavjit Singh Sandhu
Diagnostics 2023, 13(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030351 - 18 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1817
Abstract
The rapid increase in the number of CT acquisitions during the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about increased radiation exposure to patients and the resultant radiation-induced health risks. It prompted researchers to explore newer CT techniques like ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT), which could improve [...] Read more.
The rapid increase in the number of CT acquisitions during the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about increased radiation exposure to patients and the resultant radiation-induced health risks. It prompted researchers to explore newer CT techniques like ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT), which could improve patient safety. Our aim was to study the utility of ultra-low dose CT (ULDCT) chest in the evaluation of acute COVID-19 pneumonia with standard-dose CT (SDCT) chest as a reference standard. This was a prospective study approved by the institutional review board. 60 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients with valid indication for CT chest underwent SDCT and ULDCT. ULDCT and SDCT were compared in terms of objective (noise and signal-to-noise ratio) and subjective (noise, sharpness, artifacts and diagnostic confidence) image quality, various imaging patterns of COVID-19, CT severity score and effective radiation dose. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ULDCT for detecting lung lesions were calculated by taking SDCT as a reference standard. The mean age of subjects was 47.2 ± 10.7 years, with 66.67% being men. 90% of ULDCT scans showed no/minimal noise and sharp images, while 93.33% had image quality of high diagnostic confidence. The major imaging findings detected by SDCT were GGOs (90%), consolidation (76.67%), septal thickening (60%), linear opacities (33.33%), crazy-paving pattern (33.33%), nodules (30%), pleural thickening (30%), lymphadenopathy (30%) and pleural effusion (23.33%). Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of ULDCT for detecting most of the imaging patterns were 100% (p < 0.001); except for GGOs (sensitivity: 92.59%, specificity: 100%, diagnostic accuracy: 93.33%), consolidation (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 71.43%, diagnostic accuracy: 93.33%) and linear opacity (sensitivity: 90.00%, specificity: 100%, diagnostic accuracy: 96.67%). CT severity score (range: 15–25) showed 100% concordance on SDCT and ULDCT, while effective radiation dose was 4.93 ± 1.11 mSv and 0.26 ± 0.024 mSv, respectively. A dose reduction of 94.38 ± 1.7% was achieved with ULDCT. Compared to SDCT, ULDCT chest yielded images of reasonable and comparable diagnostic quality with the advantage of significantly reduced radiation dose; thus, it can be a good alternative to SDCT in the evaluation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging and Chest Diseases)
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Review

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12 pages, 1184 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Review of the Relationship between Chest CT Severity Score and Laboratory Findings and Clinical Parameters in COVID-19 Pneumonia
by Naif A. Majrashi, Rakan A. Alhulaibi, Ibrahim H. Nammazi, Mohammed H. Alqasi, Ali S. Alyami, Wael A. Ageeli, Nouf H. Abuhadi, Ali A. Kharizy, Abdu M. Khormi, Mohammed G. Ghazwani, Ali A. Alqasmi and Turkey A. Refaee
Diagnostics 2023, 13(13), 2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132223 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
The COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people and became a global pandemic in 2020. The efficacy of laboratory and clinical parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 has been established. The CT scan has been identified as a crucial tool in [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 virus has infected millions of people and became a global pandemic in 2020. The efficacy of laboratory and clinical parameters in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 has been established. The CT scan has been identified as a crucial tool in the prognostication of COVID-19 pneumonia. Moreover, it has been proposed that the CT severity score can be utilized for the diagnosis and prognostication of COVID-19 disease severity and exhibits a correlation with laboratory findings such as inflammatory markers, blood glucose levels, and clinical parameters such as endotracheal intubation, oxygen saturation, mortality, and hospital admissions. Nevertheless, the correlation between the CT severity score and clinical or laboratory parameters has not been firmly established. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of the aforementioned association. This review used a systematic approach to collate and assess the existing literature that investigates the correlation between CT severity score and laboratory and clinical parameters. The search was conducted using Embase Ovid, MEDLINE Ovid, and PubMed databases, covering the period from inception to 20 May 2023. This review identified 20 studies involving more than 8000 participants of varying designs. The findings showed that the CT severity score is positively associated with laboratory and clinical parameters in COVID-19 patients. The findings indicate that the CT severity score exhibits a satisfactory level of prognostic accuracy in predicting mortality among patients with COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Imaging and Chest Diseases)
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