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Crystals
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Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites
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Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3190

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Andrey Chumaevskii

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
Interests: mechanical properties; mechanical behavior of materials; microstructure; mechanical testing; material characterization; materials; X-ray diffraction; advanced materials; materials processing; material characteristics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal matrix composites have numerous applications in industry for the manufacturing of various parts with high strength, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other properties for operational purposes. Such materials can consist of both separate unmixible metals or alloys, metals and intermetallic or high-entropic metallic phases, as well as components that are fundamentally different in their physical nature—metals and ceramics, graphite, oxides, nitrides, carbides, MAX-phases, complex oxides, etc. Products obtained using methods of additive technologies, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, friction stir processing, casting, cold spraying, etc., have enhanced performance properties compared to the corresponding metals and can have a unique set of physical and mechanical characteristics. The methods used for the production of metal matrix composites allow for the manufacturing of parts from metals with different structures and characteristics, with varying lengths of strengthening phases and different distributions in the volume of the product material. The production of parts using additive technology methods is possible with in situ control of the structure of the finished product with the formation of coatings or hardened volumes, with different interface designs from the base metal to the volumes with a composite structure.

Methods for the obtainment of the solid phase of products with composite structures in plasticized states have many prospects, allowing the formation of materials from components that are unobtainable via methods based on the melting of metals or alloys with subsequent crystallization. The development of modern technologies to obtain metal matrix composites leads to the obtainment of new and currently unknown methods and approaches to control the structure of various products during their production. To understand the physical nature of methods of controlling the structure of composites, it is particularly important to describe the processes of melting and crystallization, mutual diffusion, formation of solid solutions, their decay, the formation of intermetallic phases, the dispersion of strengthening particles and precipitation of secondary phases, etc. Therefore, in this direction, it is necessary to conduct research and generalize information on the obtainment and modification of metal matrix composites via different methods based on melting, sintering, sputtering or processing in plasticized states to establish both general regularities and distinctive features of their structural-phase state formation. The purpose of this Special Issue is to gather original research in the field of the obtainment and modification of metallic matrix composites via methods of modern technologies with special attention to regularities and mechanisms of the formation of structural-phase states in them depending on external influences. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Metal matrix composites;
  2. Additive manufacturing;
  3. Friction stir processing;
  4. Aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium alloys and steels;
  5. Selective laser melting;
  6. Electron beam additive manufacturing;
  7. Selective laser sintering;
  8. Coatings;
  9. Direct energy deposition.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Andrey Chumaevskii
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metal matrix composites
  • additive manufacturing
  • friction stir processing
  • aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium alloys and steels
  • selective laser melting
  • electron beam additive manufacturing
  • selective laser sintering
  • coatings

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7073 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation of Infiltration Behavior of ZTAP/HCCI Composites
by Xu He, Yu Lu, Xiangming Li, Mojin Zhou and Yehua Jiang
Crystals 2024, 14(4), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040355 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 394
Abstract
According to statistics, 80% of failed components in mechanical equipment are caused by various types of wear and corrosion. Therefore, in order to reduce material loss, research on wear-resistant materials is urgent. In order to solve the difficulty of directly observing the infiltration [...] Read more.
According to statistics, 80% of failed components in mechanical equipment are caused by various types of wear and corrosion. Therefore, in order to reduce material loss, research on wear-resistant materials is urgent. In order to solve the difficulty of directly observing the infiltration process of liquid metal in preform, this study first conducted infiltration experiments on liquid metal in ZTA ceramic particle preform at different pouring temperatures, and then used Fluent software to numerically simulate the infiltration behavior of liquid metal in preform. By changing parameters such as pouring temperature and infiltration pressure, the influence of these parameters on the penetration depth of liquid metal in prefabricated structures was determined. The research results indicate that when the pouring temperatures are 1420 °C, 1570 °C, 1720 °C, and 1870 °C, the infiltration depths are 4 mm, 8 mm, 11 mm, and 15 mm; when the casting infiltration pressures are 7620 Pa, 15,240 Pa, 22,860 Pa, and 30,480 Pa, the infiltration depths are 10 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, and 22 mm. The simulation results of the pouring temperature on the infiltration depth are basically consistent with the experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites)
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15 pages, 11294 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Characterization Method of Laves Phase in 9Cr Martensitic Heat-Resistant Steel and Creep Life Prediction
by Sui Yuan, Ji Li, Qi Guo, Liying Tang, Jian Xu, Rongcan Zhou and Hongjun Zhang
Crystals 2023, 13(11), 1600; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111600 - 20 Nov 2023
Viewed by 734
Abstract
The Laves phase formed during the long-term creep of 9% Cr heat-resistant steels plays an important role in their high-temperature mechanical properties. Detecting and quantifying the Laves phase is one of the main problems in predicting the creep residual life. This study detects [...] Read more.
The Laves phase formed during the long-term creep of 9% Cr heat-resistant steels plays an important role in their high-temperature mechanical properties. Detecting and quantifying the Laves phase is one of the main problems in predicting the creep residual life. This study detects and quantifies the Laves phase in various 9% Cr heat-resistant steel samples by anodic polarization. Both T92/P92 samples after creep and 9Cr ferritic martensitic samples after thermal ageing precipitate Laves phase particles, and the content of the Laves phase increases with the service time. Comparing the results obtained by the electrochemical method with those obtained by the traditional SEM observation method, it can be found that there is a similar two-stage linear relationship between the two results in all materials, which is related to the diameter change of Laves phase particles during service. According to the correlation between the Laves phase content and creep time, an extrapolation method for the prediction of the residual creep life is proposed. The results show that the creep life of P92 can be predicted by using the dissolved charge density of the Laves phase with high prediction accuracy. This method has the potential to evaluate the service states of materials and predict the long-term creep life in the industrial field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites)
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23 pages, 36431 KiB  
Article
Cladding of Carbon Steel with Stainless Steel Using Friction Stir Welding: Effect of Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
by Mahmoud S. I. Ahmed, Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed, Hussein M. Abd El-Aziz, Mohamed I. A. Habba, Ashraf F. Ismael, Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Ali Abd El-Aty, Ali Alamry, Bandar Alzahrani, Kamel Touileb and Wael M. Fathy
Crystals 2023, 13(11), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111559 - 01 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1098
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate friction stir welding (FSW) to join A304 austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel A283 Gr. C in-lap configuration to clad the carbon steel with highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel. Thus, a wide range of FSW [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to investigate friction stir welding (FSW) to join A304 austenitic stainless steel and low carbon steel A283 Gr. C in-lap configuration to clad the carbon steel with highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel. Thus, a wide range of FSW parameters were investigated such as FSW tool rotation rate from 200 to 400 rpm, tool traverse speed from 25 to 75 mm/min, and vertical forces of 20 to 32 KN. The FSW parameters combination of high welding rotation rate (400 rpm) and high vertical forces (32 KN) results in rejected joints in terms of surface appearance and clear surface defects. On the other hand, rotation rates of 200 and 300 rpm with different welding speeds and vertical forces resulted in some sound joints that were further investigated for microstructure and mechanical properties. The sound lap joints were examined via optical microstructure, SEM, and EDS investigations. For the mechanical properties, both tensile shear testing and hardness testing were used. The transverse macrographs showed intermixing between the two dissimilar materials with an almost irregular interface. The hardness profile in both materials showed a significant increase across the different regions from the Base Material (BM) to the nugget zone, with a maximum value of 260 Hv in the stainless steel and 245 Hv in the carbon steel. This increase is mainly attributed to the grain refining in the weld region due to the dynamic recrystallization and transformations upon the thermomechanical cycle. The tensile shear load of the joints varied from 20 to 27 KN for the FSWed joints, with the highest joint tensile shear load of 27 KN for that produced at 300 rpm tool rotation and 25 mm/min welding speed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites)
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18 pages, 5758 KiB  
Article
Plastic Behavior of Metals and Their Sensitivity to Grain Size: Comparison between Two Multiscale Approaches
by Naser A. Alsaleh, Akrum Abdul-Latif, Fahamsyah H. Latief, Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed and Sabbah Ataya
Crystals 2023, 13(10), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101463 - 06 Oct 2023
Viewed by 721
Abstract
This study evaluates two multiscale models to determine their ability to describe the effect of grain size (GS) on the plastic behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) materials. One model follows the Hall–Petch type (Model-1), while the other adopts dislocation kinematics to [...] Read more.
This study evaluates two multiscale models to determine their ability to describe the effect of grain size (GS) on the plastic behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline (NC) materials. One model follows the Hall–Petch type (Model-1), while the other adopts dislocation kinematics to illustrate the grain boundary effect (Model-2). The stress–strain relation was utilized to present predictions about how various copper and nickel grain sizes affect the evolution of their plastic behavior. These predictions were compared to each other and their respective experimental databases. The copper databases stem from a well-known published paper, while the nickel databases were sourced from a research project. An analysis was conducted to evaluate each model’s ability to replicate the critical value (dcrit) for the UFG to NC transition. In the case of copper, both models produce a comparable dcrit of 16 nm. Model-1 has a lower sensitivity to yield stress below this value compared to Model-2. Both models accurately describe the weakening phase of metals below dcrit, particularly Model-2. The maximum error of 11% for copper was observed in Model-1, whereas Model-2 predicted a minimum error of 0.6%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Technologies in the Manufacturing of Metal Matrix Composites)
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