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Crystals
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Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications
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Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 8005

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Krzysztof Szymkiewicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomechanics, Cracow University of Technology, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
Interests: biomaterial; surface treatment; titanium alloy; biocompatible material; microstructure analysis; electron microscopy; mechanical studies; numerical analysis; micromechanical modelling; composite
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marek Goral

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Interests: thermal spraying process; hard coatings; diffusion coating; wear resistant coatings; plasma nitriding and pack boriding processes; coatings properties; superalloys; Intermetallics (TiAl)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In today's world, there is a demand for new technological solutions in many industries, including medical engineering. Advanced materials such as biocompatible alloys or biopolymers play an important role in tissue and biomedical engineering. They are widely applied in the medicine industry as implants or stents.

The design and modelling of new materials and their manufacturing technology are supported by multiscale analysis, including micromechanical modelling and the determination of their microstructure, mechanical, and functional properties. The application of advanced techniques such as electron microscopy, numerical calculations FEM, or experimental strength tests allow to clearly define the properties of new developed materials. This approach contributes to significant progress in this area.

The proposed Special Issue covers many of the topics mentioned above. The primary aim of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of the newly developed advanced materials dedicated to biomedical engineering.

Dr. Krzysztof Szymkiewicz
Prof. Dr. Marek Goral
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Crystals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterial
  • biocompatible properties
  • biodegradable properties
  • mechanical properties
  • microstructural analysis
  • surface functionalization
  • surface

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1737 KiB  
Article
Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Enamel Following Different Surface Treatments: An Invitro Study
by Sonali Sharma, Mithra N. Hegde and Sindhu Ramesh
Crystals 2022, 12(11), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111619 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
Dental caries is an oral disease that has a global footprint. The first onslaught is subsurface, and at this stage, it can be remineralized. This study attempts to analyze the compositional changes that occur during demineralization and different surface treatment remineralization protocols. Aim: [...] Read more.
Dental caries is an oral disease that has a global footprint. The first onslaught is subsurface, and at this stage, it can be remineralized. This study attempts to analyze the compositional changes that occur during demineralization and different surface treatment remineralization protocols. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the compositional changes caused by different surface treatments on demineralized enamel. Methodology: Six extracted intact posterior teeth were selected and sectioned mesiodistally to achieve two halves. Each half was further divided into six equal sizes to achieve 12 samples per tooth. Except for one sample, which served as the control for that particular tooth, the remaining samples were placed in a demineralizing solution (acetate 0.1 Mol/L, calcium 0.1 Mol/L, phosphate 0.1 Mol/L and fluoride 0.1 mg/L pH 5.0) for 24 h. The samples were then assigned to groups and surface-treated as described below. The samples were grouped as follows so as to subject each sample to the following different surface treatments: Group 1: control, Group 2: Demineralized, Group 3: Laser 1 Watt, Group 4: Laser 2 Watts, Group 5: Laser 3 Watts, Group 6: Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 7: CPP-ACPF, Group 8: CPP-ACPF & Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 9: Enafix, Group 10: Enafix & Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 11: MI Paste and Group 12: MI Paste & Laser 3.5 Watts. The laser used for irradiating the samples in the respective laser groups utilized different wattages of an 810 nm aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser for 30 s. The samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry coupled with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). A qualitative analysis was performed. Result: The 3.5 watts aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser followed by CPP-ACPF caused compositional changes in the organic and inorganic components of the enamel tissues, and these changes were similar to those of the control teeth. Conclusion: Aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser irradiation alone does cause compositional changes and makes the enamel conducive for remineralization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications)
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12 pages, 2776 KiB  
Article
Development of the Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Curcumin: A Rational Selection of Polymers for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution
by Memoona Ishtiaq, Sajid Asghar, Ikram Ullah Khan, Muhammad Shahid Iqbal and Syed Haroon Khalid
Crystals 2022, 12(11), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111606 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1845
Abstract
The goal of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of hydrophilic polymers in preparing a solid dispersion to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as curcumin. In order to prepare the solid dispersion, curcumin was uniformly distributed in [...] Read more.
The goal of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of hydrophilic polymers in preparing a solid dispersion to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as curcumin. In order to prepare the solid dispersion, curcumin was uniformly distributed in the polymeric matrix of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC E5), polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP K30), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) using the kneading and solvent evaporation methods. The developed dispersion formulations were characterized for solubility, dissolution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Attaining enhanced physical stability with solubility is crucial in the selection of suitable polymer types and ratios. The optimized HPMC E5 and PVP based dispersion displayed 4.3 and 2.8 times greater solubility compared to the pure drug, respectively. The SEM also showed the optimized HPMC-based dispersion was smoother in comparison to the PVP-based dispersion. The XRD and DSC validated the successful modification of the crystal structure of curcumin resulting in the enhancement of its solubility and dissolution. In conclusion, the HPMC E5 formulation was the optimal candidate to create solid amorphous dispersions of curcumin, which might be employed as an effective delivery system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications)
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14 pages, 2824 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Effects of Nanotechnologically Synthesized and Characterized Fluoridated Strontium Apatite Nanoparticles in the Surgical Treatment of Endodontic Bone Lesions
by Faruk Oztekin, Turan Gurgenc, Serkan Dundar, Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan, Mehmet Eskibaglar, Erhan Cahit Ozcan, Muhammet Bahattin Bingul and Osman Habek
Crystals 2022, 12(9), 1192; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091192 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1405
Abstract
In this study, fluoridated strontium apatite (SAP) nanoparticles with different mole percentages (5%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) synthesized using a hydrothermal method were used as biomaterials. The in vivo biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by embedding them as biomaterials in bone [...] Read more.
In this study, fluoridated strontium apatite (SAP) nanoparticles with different mole percentages (5%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) synthesized using a hydrothermal method were used as biomaterials. The in vivo biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by embedding them as biomaterials in bone defects created in rat tibiae. Through the hematoxylin-eosin staining method, a histopathological analysis was performed for new bone formation, osteoblast density, and fibrotic tissue formation. Fluorine (F) addition affected the structural and morphological properties of the nanoparticles. With the F doping, the shapes of the nanoparticles changed from nano-rods to almost spherical. The Sr/P ratios, with a stoichiometric value of 1.67, were 1.76, 1.53, 1.54, 1.68, and 1.79 in pure, 5%, 10%, 30%, and 50% F-doped nanoparticles, respectively. The F/Sr ratios of 5%, 10%, 30%, and 50% F-doped nanoparticles were 0.05, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.20, respectively. The highest values in terms of fibrotic tissue formation were obtained in the group containing pure SAP. The best results in terms of new bone formation and osteoblast density in bone defects were observed in the groups with higher F ratios (30% and 50% F-doped). Pure and F-doped strontium apatite nanoparticles showed good results for new bone formation and osteoblast levels compared to the control group. It was observed that an increase in the fluorine ratio resulted in better bone healing. The results showed that pure and F-doped SAP nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method can be used as biomaterials in orthopedics and dentistry, especially in the surgical treatment of endodontic lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications)
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10 pages, 1834 KiB  
Article
Influence of Vacancy on Structural Stability, Mechanical Properties and Electronic Structures of a Ti5Sn3 Compound from First-Principles Calculations
by Xingzhi Pang, Fenggui Wei, Dong Liu, Wenchao Yang, Yanjun Zhao, Jingwu Wu, Mingjun Pang and Jianbing Yang
Crystals 2022, 12(8), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081061 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1193
Abstract
Titanium alloy is widely used in biomedical materials. Ti-Sn alloy is a new type β titanium alloy with no toxicity. In this paper, the mechanical and electronic properties of Ti5Sn3 with vacancy defects have been studied by using first-principles method. [...] Read more.
Titanium alloy is widely used in biomedical materials. Ti-Sn alloy is a new type β titanium alloy with no toxicity. In this paper, the mechanical and electronic properties of Ti5Sn3 with vacancy defects have been studied by using first-principles method. The vacancy formation energy, vacancy formation enthalpy, elastic constant, elastic modulus, hardness and electronic structure of perfect Ti5Sn3 and Ti5Sn3 with different vacancies were also calculated and discussed. The results show that Ti5Sn3 is more likely to form vacancies at VTi2. In addition, the bulk deformation resistance of Ti5Sn3 is weakened by the vacancy, and the shear resistance, stiffness and hardness of Ti5Sn3 are increased by the Ti vacancy, but the brittleness of Ti5Sn3 is increased. On the contrary, the presence of Sn vacancy decreases the shear resistance, stiffness and hardness of Ti5Sn3, and increases the toughness of Ti5Sn3. By analyzing the change of electronic structure, it is found that removing the Ti atom at the VTi2 position can improve the interaction between atoms, while Sn vacancy can weaken the interaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications)
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12 pages, 2411 KiB  
Concept Paper
Anticariogenic Sanative Effect of Aluminum Gallium Arsenide Crystals on Hydroxyapatite Crystals
by Sonali Sharma, Mithra N. Hegde and Sindhu Ramesh
Crystals 2022, 12(12), 1841; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121841 - 16 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1266
Abstract
Dental caries is a progressive disease with varying phases of demineralization and remineralization, and the scope of reversing the carious lesion is increased if it is diagnosed before there is surface cavitation. Preventive management strategies are directed towards making the enamel more resistant [...] Read more.
Dental caries is a progressive disease with varying phases of demineralization and remineralization, and the scope of reversing the carious lesion is increased if it is diagnosed before there is surface cavitation. Preventive management strategies are directed towards making the enamel more resistant towards acid dissolution. The caries preventive protocol has always been fluoride-centric. Repeated application of fluoride gives rise to acquired fluoride resistance strains of Streptococci mutans which can be transient or permanent. The need of the hour is an effective remineralizing protocol which is one which brings about a change in enamel crystal and makes it more resistant to the acidic challenges of the oral cavity. The authors have devised a protocol in which irradiation with aluminum gallium arsenide crystals LASER can bring about a sanative change in crystal and lead to greater acid resistance of the enamel crystal and thus potentiate the remineralization of non-cavitated lesions. The concept of aluminum gallium arsenide–assisted caries inhibition and the proposed hypothesis of the mechanism of action is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials Dedicated for Biomedical Applications)
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