Multiscale Modelling and Crystal Plasticity of Metals

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 2837

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Materalia Research Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC), Av. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: microstructural design of new advanced steels with improved strength–ductility combinations by thermo-mechanical treatments; understanding the influence of microstructural variables (such as composition, dislocation structure, or phase connectivity) on the intrinsic mechanical properties of non-equilibrium phases and their interactions with the surrounding phases; analysis of work-hardening mechanisms in advanced steels combining 3D micromechanicall models with experiments; modelling complex topological microstructural parameters for multiphase steels using 3D synthetic microstructures, i.e., Voronoi tessellations; hydrogen metallurgy; sustainable steelmaking processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metals are notoriously linked to the development of technology and infrastructure in our increasingly sustainable society. The conception of new advanced metallic alloys with outstanding strength–ductility combinations and performance properties requires understanding the complex physical interactions occurring across length scales during the mechanical deformation of carefully designed microstructures.

At the atomic-/nanoscales, the interactions between defects and solutes in the crystal lattice determine the intrinsic mechanical properties of individual phases. At the microscale, the crystallographic orientations, the dislocation structure and dynamics, the grain size, and the local composition dictate the mechanical interactions between neighbouring grains through the phase contrast (difference in strength) and the mechanical stability. At the mesoscale, the mechanical properties of the individual phases and their interactions engage through the texture and the microstructural topology (i.e., phase volume fractions, phase connectivity, grain size gradients), affecting the overall macroscopic behaviour of the metallic material.

Multiscale modelling has the potential to explain the large-scale mechanical response of metallic alloys under realistic constrains in connection to the microstructure and the essential phenomena occurring at smaller scales. In metal science, its most prominent field of application is the prediction of the relationships between the processing, structure, and properties of multiphase metallic alloys beyond experimental observations. For instance, by interfacing a 2D or 3D synthetic microstructure with a full-field crystal plasticity model, the microstructure topology has been demonstrated to play a key role in the stress/strain distribution of advanced high-strength steels during mechanical deformation and thereby in their local / global work hardening and crack propagation behaviour.

The following fields are of high-interest to the progress of multiscale modelling: 1) the development of algorithms for the accurate generation of synthetic microstructures, i.e., based on microstructure geometrical descriptors, statistics, or artificial intelligence; 2) the development of multiscale bridging and optimization methods to speed up the numerical computation of statistical and high-resolution synthetic microstructures as well as to enable the application to component scale; 3) the understanding and proper management of material properties needed in multiscale modelling (i.e., constitutive behaviour of the individual phases and their mechanical interactions) with respect to the microstructural characteristics resulting from the applied thermal processing; and 4) smart strategies to compare simulations output results with experimental results at different length-scales.

For all the above-described aspects, this Special Issue aims to present the latest research findings in the field of multiscale modelling of metallic alloys for structural applications. This Special Issue is open to all the researchers involved in this field and invites them to contribute their most recent results.

Dr. Carola Celada-Casero
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • multiscale modelling
  • advanced high-strength steels
  • metallic microstructures
  • microstructure modelling
  • crystal plasticity
  • constitutive modelling
  • computer-aided engineering (CAE)
  • integrated computational materials engineering (ICME)
  • microstructure–properties relations
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • computational mechanics
  • data science
  • atomistic simulations

Published Papers (2 papers)

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20 pages, 1639 KiB  
Article
Numerical Material Testing Method for Hexagonal Close-Packed Metals Based on a Strain-Rate-Independent Finite Element Polycrystal Model
by Giorgio Vago and Tetsuo Oya
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091351 - 5 Sep 2023
Viewed by 640
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a numerical material testing method applicable to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) materials that can predict complex material behavior such as biaxial test results from relatively easy-to-perform uniaxial tests. The proposed numerical material testing method consists of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to develop a numerical material testing method applicable to hexagonal close-packed (hcp) materials that can predict complex material behavior such as biaxial test results from relatively easy-to-perform uniaxial tests. The proposed numerical material testing method consists of a physical model that represents the macroscopic behavior of the material and a means of determining the included crystallographic parameters using macroscopic experimental data. First, as the physical model, the finite element polycrystal model (FEPM) previously applied by the authors for face-centered cubic (fcc) materials was applied and modified for hcp materials. A unique feature of the FEPM is that it avoids the use of strain-rate-dependent coefficients, whose physical meaning is ambiguous, because the deformation analysis can be performed while automatically determining the activity of all slip systems. The applicability of FEPM to numerical material testing methods was verified in hcp materials through this study. Then, a material parameter optimization process was developed using a genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed method was validated using literature values of magnesium alloy AZ31. First, the proposed optimization process was performed on cast AZ31 using uniaxial tensile and compressive stress—strain curves as teaching data to confirm that the stress—strain curves for the biaxial state could be predicted. Then, the proposed method was applied to rolled sheet AZ31, where the pseudo-anisotropic crystal orientations generated by numerical rolling were used as initial values. The prediction of unknown material data showed that, even in the case of sheets, the crystallographic parameters could be reasonably determined by the proposed optimization process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale Modelling and Crystal Plasticity of Metals)
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22 pages, 40309 KiB  
Article
Modeling Bainite Dual-Phase Steels: A High-Resolution Crystal Plasticity Simulation Study
by Francisco-José Gallardo-Basile, Franz Roters, Robin M. Jentner, Kinshuk Srivastava, Sebastian Scholl and Martin Diehl
Crystals 2023, 13(4), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13040673 - 13 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1719
Abstract
A bainite dual-phase (FB) steel containing polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is thermo-mechanically rolled, followed by an accelerated cooling. Two different cooling rates are applied to obtain two different materials. The aim of the study is to explore the reasons for the differences [...] Read more.
A bainite dual-phase (FB) steel containing polygonal ferrite and granular bainite is thermo-mechanically rolled, followed by an accelerated cooling. Two different cooling rates are applied to obtain two different materials. The aim of the study is to explore the reasons for the differences in the mechanical response experimentally observed for these two materials which are modeled by means of high-resolution crystal plasticity simulations with a phenomenological constitutive description. First, the CP parameters of the individual constituents are determined. Second, different three-dimensional (3D) representative volume elements (RVEs)—one of which includes the substructure of bainite—are used to study the mechanical properties of both FB microstructures. It is shown that, in contrast to the macroscopic response, the microscopic response differs among the RVEs. Third, a comparison of both materials is performed by analyzing their stress–strain response. The onset of plasticity in granular bainite is found to be different for both materials in addition to the strain partitioning, although they both obeyed the iso-work assumption. Finally, a parameter study is carried out in order to investigate the correlation between different microstructures and damage initiation that can be seen experimentally in this steel. It is shown that the difference in ultimate elongation may depend on whether the first voids appear within polygonal ferrite or at the phase boundary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiscale Modelling and Crystal Plasticity of Metals)
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