Magnetron Sputtering Deposition: Challenges, Developments, Perspectives

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 14382

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institut für Physik, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Sr. 6, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
Interests: thin film deposition; magnetron sputtering; dusty plasmas; plasma diagnostics

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Guest Editor
Institute of Physics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: thin film deposition, magnetron sputtering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magneton sputtering is a versatile tool for the deposition of thin solid films and functional coatings. In addition, magnetron sputtering is employed in the fabrication of nano-structured thin films and the deposition of nano-sized clusters on solid surfaces. Such functional coatings are of interest from both the basic and applied points of view. Magnetron sputtering is a discharge phenomenon which produces a large variety of reactive species such as electrons, ions, energetic atoms and radicals. The species interact in the forming plasma and on the substrate surface where the coating forms. It is common to low temperature plasmas that are in a non-equilibrium state that many of the interactions are not known in every detail and that the properties of the deposited coatings are a priori difficult to predict without further assumptions.

Reactive magnetron sputtering and co-sputtering is employed during the deposition of composite and alloy (binary, ternary, etc.) materials and, in particular, of oxide and nitride films with unique properties, e.g., electrical, optical, tribological, catalytic properties. The scope of this forthcoming Special Issue is dedicated, but not limited, to the deposition of functional coatings by means of magnetron sputtering and the characterization of the films with regard to their physical, chemical, and functional properties.

In particular, the topic of interest includes but is not limited to:

  • the deposition of functional coatings with unique properties,
  • fabrication of nanostructured surfaces and 3D structures,
  • fabrication of novel electronics and spintronics devices,
  • deposition of semiconductor thin film structures for optical and photonic applications
  • advanced plasma diagnostics in relation to film properties,
  • the advancement of thin film deposition processes,
  • simulation and modelling of thin film growth in a reactive sputtering plasma environment, and
  • new material research.

Prof. Dr. Rainer Hippler
Dr. Zdeněk Hubička
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2156 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering of Strongly Thermochromic VO2-Based Coatings with a Transition Temperature of 22 °C onto Ultrathin Flexible Glass
by Tomáš Bárta, Jaroslav Vlček, Jiří Houška, Stanislav Haviar, Radomír Čerstvý, Jolanta Szelwicka, Matthias Fahland and John Fahlteich
Coatings 2020, 10(12), 1258; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121258 - 19 Dec 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3852
Abstract
The reversible semiconductor-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes VO2-based coatings a promising candidate for thermochromic smart windows, reducing the energy consumption of buildings. This paper deals with maximizing the application potential of these coatings in terms of their [...] Read more.
The reversible semiconductor-to-metal transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes VO2-based coatings a promising candidate for thermochromic smart windows, reducing the energy consumption of buildings. This paper deals with maximizing the application potential of these coatings in terms of their performance, an industry-friendly preparation technique, and an industrially relevant substrate. We present a scalable sputter deposition technique for the preparation of strongly thermochromic ZrO2/V0.984W0.016O2/ZrO2 coatings on ultrathin flexible glass and standard glass at a relatively low substrate surface temperature (330 °C) and without any substrate bias voltage. The V0.984W0.016O2 layers were deposited by a controlled high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of a V target, combined with a simultaneous pulsed dc magnetron sputtering of a W target. We explain the fundamental principles of this technique using the discharge characteristics measured for both discharges. We characterize the coating structure (X-ray diffraction) and a wide range of optical properties (spectrophotometry and spectroscopic ellipsometry). We find that the coatings combine a transition temperature of 22 °C, a luminous transmittance approaching 50%, a modulation of the solar energy transmittance over 10% and a temperature-independent color. The results in general, and the successful transfer from a standard glass to the ultrathin flexible glass in particular, are crucial for future applications of the coatings on smart windows. Full article
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9 pages, 1408 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Position Drum-Type Assembly for Simultaneous Film Deposition at Different Temperatures in a Single Sputter Cycle–Application to ITO Thin Films
by Akhmed K. Akhmedov, Abil S. Asvarov, Arsen E. Muslimov and Vladimir M. Kanevsky
Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111076 - 09 Nov 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1967
Abstract
The design of a multi-position drum-type assembly (MPDTA) for heating and positioning substrates with the possibility of individually setting and controlling the temperature of each substrate, which is applicable for laboratory-type sputtering setups, is described. The above design provides the possibility of the [...] Read more.
The design of a multi-position drum-type assembly (MPDTA) for heating and positioning substrates with the possibility of individually setting and controlling the temperature of each substrate, which is applicable for laboratory-type sputtering setups, is described. The above design provides the possibility of the simultaneous deposition of thin films under identical conditions on several substrates at different temperatures, making it possible to explore the temperature dependences of the films’ morphology, structure, and functional characteristics in one single vacuum deposition cycle. As a case study, the possibility of investigating such dependencies for the magnetron deposition of transparent conducting indium–tin oxide (ITO) thin films was demonstrated using the MPDTA. The investigation results revealed that the functional performances of deposited ITO thin films (resistivity and average transmittance in the visible range) improved with increasing the substrate temperature, reaching values of 1.5 × 10−4 Ω·cm and over 80%, respectively, at 300 °C. Full article
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8 pages, 3067 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of Aluminum Nitride Nanoparticles by RF Magnetron Sputtering and Inert Gas Condensation Technique
by Ishaq Musa, Naser Qamhieh, Khadija Said, Saleh T. Mahmoud and Hussain Alawadhi
Coatings 2020, 10(4), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040411 - 21 Apr 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2998
Abstract
Aluminum nitride nanoparticles (AlN-NPs) were fabricated by a RF magnetron sputtering and inert gas condensation technique. By keeping the source parameters and sputtering time of 4 h fixed, it was possible to produce AlN-NPs with a size in the range of 2–3 nm. [...] Read more.
Aluminum nitride nanoparticles (AlN-NPs) were fabricated by a RF magnetron sputtering and inert gas condensation technique. By keeping the source parameters and sputtering time of 4 h fixed, it was possible to produce AlN-NPs with a size in the range of 2–3 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible absorption were used to characterize the obtained AlN-NPs. AFM topography images showed quazi-sphere nanoparticles with a size ranging from 2 to 3 nm. The XRD measurements confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of AlN nanoparticles. Furthermore, the optical band gap was determined by the UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy results showed vibration transverse-optical modes A1(TO), E1(TO), as well as longitudinal-optical modes E1(LO), A1(LO). Full article
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12 pages, 31016 KiB  
Article
Surface Stoichiometry and Optical Properties of Cux–TiyCz Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering
by Avishek Roy, Arun Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Sadhan Chandra Das, Gourab Bhattacharjee, Abhijit Majumdar and Rainer Hippler
Coatings 2019, 9(9), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090551 - 27 Aug 2019
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4627
Abstract
Ternary carbide in metal matrix composites constitute a big challenge in the industry, and in this regard their surface treatment is one of the most important issues. Ternary carbide (CuxTiyCz, where x, y and z are [...] Read more.
Ternary carbide in metal matrix composites constitute a big challenge in the industry, and in this regard their surface treatment is one of the most important issues. Ternary carbide (CuxTiyCz, where x, y and z are integers) thin films are synthesized by magnetron sputtering and characterized with respect to the film depth. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of Cu-2p and Ti-2p peaks shows the associated shake-up satellite peaks at a smaller film depth; the peak intensity is reduced at a higher depth. The relative intensity of Cu and Ti increases at a larger film depth. The optical band gap varies from 1.83 to 2.20 eV at different film depths. Full article
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