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Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition
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Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 3378

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fábio Ferreira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEMMPRE, University of Coimbra, Rua Luis Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: coatings; thin films; surface engeneering; sputtering; HiPIMS; material characterization; tribology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Surface modification provides solutions to practical issues pertinent to tackling significant social difficulties. To name several of the trendiest uses, coatings are crucial for implementing biocompatible technologies, creating systems for sustainable energy generation, and cleaning up pollutants. They also help materials to resist damage and endure in harsh environments. There is an ongoing global research effort in both academia and industry to find novel coatings or coating structures for an ever-growing range of problems.

This new Special Issue of Coatings will include full papers, review articles, and communications from some of the most renowned researchers in the field with the aim of spotlighting some of the most fascinating challenges in coatings science and technology.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Antimicrobial coatings;
  • CO2 capture technologies;
  • Batteries development;
  • Sensors development;
  • Protective coatings;
  • Functional coatings;
  • Hard coatings;
  • Coating methods and technologies;
  • Super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coatings;
  • Any other aspects of deposition/characterization of coatings and thin films.

Dr. Fábio Ferreira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coatings
  • thin films
  • surface engeneering
  • sputtering
  • HiPIMS
  • material characterization
  • tribology
  • antimicrobial coatings
  • CO2 capture
  • batteries

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 8536 KiB  
Article
Excitation-Wavelength- and Time-Dependent Fluorescent Ink Based on RGB Building Blocks for Advanced Anti-Counterfeiting
by Chengxin Lin, Chenxi Kang, Xinxin He, Jiaci Yi and Qi Zhu
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040506 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 310
Abstract
What is reported here is an advanced anti-counterfeiting ink whose luminous effect changes over time and at different excitation wavelengths. Unlike traditional anti-counterfeit fluorescent materials, the phosphors used here exhibit multicolor emissions under multiple excitation modes. In this work, the most important building [...] Read more.
What is reported here is an advanced anti-counterfeiting ink whose luminous effect changes over time and at different excitation wavelengths. Unlike traditional anti-counterfeit fluorescent materials, the phosphors used here exhibit multicolor emissions under multiple excitation modes. In this work, the most important building blocks are three classic phosphors with primary colors, red (Ca2YNbO6:0.4Eu3+), green (SrAl2O4:0.01Eu2+, 0.02Dy3+) and blue (CaAl2O4:0.012Eu2+, 0.06Nd3+, 0.036Gd3+), which were synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state method. The phosphors formed homogeneous solid solutions and were uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. A homogeneous transparent luminescent ink was obtained by blending the multi-mode phosphors with transparent screen-printing ink, resulting in multi-mode luminescence by simply varying the proportions of the red (R), green (G) and blue (B) phosphors. Thanks to this simple process, an advanced anti-counterfeiting ink with low production costs was achieved. Anti-counterfeiting logos of a “Giraffe” and “Steam Train” were printed using the transparent fluorescent ink onto black cardstock, exhibiting the characteristic of dynamic luminescence dependent on the duration and excitation wavelength. The anti-counterfeiting effect of the patterns suggests that the fluorescent ink is worth developing and is reliable in its application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 3515 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of an Epoxy Toughening Curing Agent through Modification of Terephthalic Acid Sludge Waste
by Jinhui Fu, Huixian Kong, Rentong Yu, Jinchun Tu, Qiang Wu, Mingyu Wang, Lina Niu and Kexi Zhang
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040503 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 361
Abstract
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is widely used as a chemical raw material, with its production process resulting in significant compounds that generate a substantial amount of sludge waste annually. These compounds are known to possess active hydrogen. Utilizing this property, a novel approach [...] Read more.
Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is widely used as a chemical raw material, with its production process resulting in significant compounds that generate a substantial amount of sludge waste annually. These compounds are known to possess active hydrogen. Utilizing this property, a novel approach for the treatment of PTA sludge waste was developed for its modification and re-use. This study focuses on the preparation of epoxy curing agents using PTA sludge-tank material. The modification of PTA sludge-tank material is achieved by using the one-pot method to investigate the toughening effect of home-made curing agents on epoxy resins and compare them with commercially available curing agents, and to analyze the mechanism of the structure of the curing agent on the material. The results showed that while the tensile strength of the experimental group was generally lower than that of the control group, the impact strength was significantly higher. Additionally, the hardness and tensile strength of the materials gradually decreased with an increase of the amount of hardener, while the elongation at break and impact strength increased. Notably, at a hardener amount of 35%, the elongation at break increased by 3.89%, and the tensile strength and impact strength reached 10.13 MPa and 42.86 kJ m−2, respectively, demonstrating excellent toughness and strength characteristics. These findings testified the feasibility of modifying PTA sludge waste to prepare an epoxy toughening curing agent is not only feasible, but also significantly enhances the material’s toughness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 6395 KiB  
Article
A Method for Preparing Surface Sub-Microstructures on Sapphire Surfaces Using Femtosecond Laser Processing Technology
by Kaixuan Wang, Jun Chen, Yubin Zhang, Qingzhi Li, Feng Tang, Xin Ye and Wanguo Zheng
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040481 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 385
Abstract
Femtosecond laser processing technology is an advanced sub-micro-processing technique that enables the non-contact processing of various materials. This technology can be used to apply sub-micro structures for purposes such as hydrophilicity enhancement, optical transmittance improvement, and photonics detection. However, when it comes to [...] Read more.
Femtosecond laser processing technology is an advanced sub-micro-processing technique that enables the non-contact processing of various materials. This technology can be used to apply sub-micro structures for purposes such as hydrophilicity enhancement, optical transmittance improvement, and photonics detection. However, when it comes to processing micro/nanostructures on highly brittle materials using femtosecond lasers, there are challenges such as low processing efficiency, generation of debris, and microcracking. In this paper, we propose a method called the out-of-focus femtosecond laser direct writing technique combined with wet etching. This method offers simplicity, speed, and flexibility in preparing dense, large-area sub-microstructured surfaces on the brittle material sapphire. Our detailed investigation focuses on the impact of laser processing parameters (direct writing period, distance of focusing, direct writing speed, etc.) on the sub-microstructures of Al2O3 surfaces. The results demonstrate that this method successfully creates embedded sub-microstructures on the sapphire surface. The microholes, with a diameter of approximately 2.0 μm, contain sub-micro structures with a minimum width of 250 ± 20 nm. Additionally, we conducted experiments to assess the optical transmittance of sapphire nanostructures in the range of 350–1200 nm, which exhibited an average transmittance of approximately 77.0%. The water contact angle (CA) test yielded a result of 52 ± 2°, indicating an enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the sapphire nanostructures with only a slight reduction in optical transmittance. Our efficient fabrication of sub-microstructures on the sapphire surface of highly brittle materials offers a promising method for the production and application of brittle materials in the field of micro-optics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 8851 KiB  
Article
Approach to Heterogeneous Surface Roughness Evaluation for Surface Coating Preparation
by Hana Vrbová, Milena Kubišová, Vladimír Pata, Jana Knedlová, Jakub Javořík and Barbora Bočáková
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040471 - 12 Apr 2024
Viewed by 338
Abstract
This paper focuses on evaluating the roughness of heterogeneous surfaces, aiming to interpret data effectively for thorough assessment. Previous research highlights the significant impact of surface roughness on final coatings. Beam-cutting machining generates surfaces with position-dependent roughness parameter changes. However, there is inconsistency [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on evaluating the roughness of heterogeneous surfaces, aiming to interpret data effectively for thorough assessment. Previous research highlights the significant impact of surface roughness on final coatings. Beam-cutting machining generates surfaces with position-dependent roughness parameter changes. However, there is inconsistency in the methods for investigating roughness in such surfaces, leading to the loss of crucial information and potentially inaccurate results. This could result in flawed coating preparation and subsequent defects. This paper proposes a suitable evaluation method involving an optical 3D profilometer and a stabilizing support system for reliable measurements. It provides a detailed description of the materials and methods used. The objective is to establish a more consistent and accurate approach to assessing roughness for coating preparation. Technical applications demonstrate up-to-fivefold fluctuations in surface topography parameters, as illustrated in this manuscript. Overall, this paper seeks to address these challenges and provide a robust framework for evaluating roughness in heterogeneous surfaces, thereby enhancing surface coating preparation processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Hydrophobic Properties in Olive Oil-Coated Papers through Thermal Treatment
by Amelia Loesch-Zhang, Tobias Meckel, Markus Biesalski and Andreas Geissler
Coatings 2024, 14(3), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030364 - 20 Mar 2024
Viewed by 754
Abstract
Enhancing paper hydrophobicity is of key importance for many paper-based applications. Fatty acids or vegetable oils and their derivatives replace environmentally harmful conventional coating materials but still require challenging chemical reactions for covalent attachment onto paper. Here, we show that simple storage of [...] Read more.
Enhancing paper hydrophobicity is of key importance for many paper-based applications. Fatty acids or vegetable oils and their derivatives replace environmentally harmful conventional coating materials but still require challenging chemical reactions for covalent attachment onto paper. Here, we show that simple storage of olive oil-coated cotton linter paper at 70 °C and subsequent Soxhlet extraction is able to endow paper with hydrophobic properties, reaching water contact angles above 130°. In-depth chemical and morphological analytics show the relevance of temperature and air accessibility during the aging process compared with aging at ambient temperature and under the exclusion of oxygen, underlining the importance of assessing a coating’s long-term performance and stability under diverse storage conditions. Simple storage of vegetable oil-coated paper at elevated temperatures followed by extraction proves to be an easy way to produce stable covalently attached hydrophobic paper coatings with exceptionally low coating amounts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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9 pages, 4055 KiB  
Article
Aging Effect of Plasma-Treated Carbon Fiber Surface: From an Engineering Point
by Shiwen Wang, Yu Wang, Ming Gao and Yifan Huang
Coatings 2024, 14(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14010080 - 06 Jan 2024
Viewed by 872
Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma surface modification has certain aging effect. This article studies the aging effect of plasma (DBD) on the surface modification of carbon fibers. The test results show that plasma (DBD) treatment reduces the impurity particles on the surface of [...] Read more.
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma surface modification has certain aging effect. This article studies the aging effect of plasma (DBD) on the surface modification of carbon fibers. The test results show that plasma (DBD) treatment reduces the impurity particles on the surface of carbon fibers and makes the surface texture coarser. In addition, there is no significant change. After plasma (DBD) treatment, the content of C–O–C, C–O and C=O on the surface of carbon fibers increased from 3.20%, 7.76% and 1.64% to 7.06%, 21.50 and 6.08%, respectively. This is due to the high-energy particle bombardment of the fiber surface, which forms activated carbon atoms on the surface. The free electrons of these activated carbon atoms combine with ionized oxygen in the air. However, with the passage of time, the content of C–O–C, C–O and C=O gradually decreases to 3.31%, 8.57% and 1.77%, respectively. This is because some functional groups formed on the treated carbon fiber surface are not firmly bound, and some of these functional groups containing O2 groups will combine with surrounding substances through irreversible chemical oxidation reactions to produce CO2, which leaves the carbon fiber surface as a gas. The treated carbon fibers will immediately become hydrophilic, and the water contact angle decreases from 148.71° to 0°. With the passage of time, the water contact angle gradually increases to 118.16°, and the hydrophobicity recovers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Coatings and Surface Technology, 2nd Edition)
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