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Cancers
Special Issues
Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment
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Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2014) | Viewed by 39043

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tomoharu Sugie

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1191, Japan
Interests: breast surgery; cancer immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Breast cancer is a world-wide, common malignant disease. In the last decade, researchers have demonstrated that breast cancer is highly heterogeneous. Intrinsic subtypes, i.e., categories of breast cancer with different gene expression profiles have distinct biological behaviors and responses to therapy. This novel classification, which does not represent pathological morphology nor tumor burden, has enabled us to understand that breast cancer is not one disease; personalized therapy based on each subtype may be critical. In this special issue of Cancers, we invite research and review articles that discuss clinical features, cancer biology, and the current management of, and future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for, breast cancer.

Dr. Tomoharu Sugie
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • cancer biology
  • intrinsic subtype
  • local management
  • personalized therapy
  • clinical feature

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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363 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Expression of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties and Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Like Properties in a Primary Culture of Breast Cancer Cells
by Mami Ishikawa, Takahiro Inoue, Takuma Shirai, Kazuhiko Takamatsu, Shiori Kunihiro, Hirokazu Ishii and Takahito Nishikata
Cancers 2014, 6(3), 1570-1578; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6031570 - 31 Jul 2014
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7170
Abstract
The importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in cancer biology has been recently highlighted owing to their critical roles in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. We have previously established a primary culture of breast cancer cells, which showed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer [...] Read more.
The importance of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in cancer biology has been recently highlighted owing to their critical roles in cancer growth, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. We have previously established a primary culture of breast cancer cells, which showed epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell-like properties. In this study, we found that the primary culture also showed CAF-like properties. For example, hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) and its downstream genes, nuclear factor-kappa B2 (NF-κB2) and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kd-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and many enzymes involved in glycolysis, such as GAPDH, LDH, PGAM1, and PKM2, were highly overexpressed in the primary culture. Moreover, media conditioned with the primary culture cells enhanced the growth of breast cancer cells. Similar to previous CAF studies, this enhancement suggested to be occurred through fibroblast growth factor signaling. This MCKH primary culture cell, which showed simultaneous expression of tumorigenic and CAF properties, offers a unique experimental system for studying the biology of CAFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment)
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734 KiB  
Article
Androgen Receptor Expression in Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Clinical Significance and Prognostic Associations
by Mirco Pistelli, Miriam Caramanti, Tommasina Biscotti, Alfredo Santinelli, Alessandra Pagliacci, Mariagrazia De Lisa, Zelmira Ballatore, Francesca Ridolfi, Elena Maccaroni, Raffaella Bracci, Rossana Berardi, Nicola Battelli and Stefano Cascinu
Cancers 2014, 6(3), 1351-1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6031351 - 27 Jun 2014
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 8290
Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by aggressive tumour biology resulting in a poor prognosis. Androgen receptor (AR) is one of newly emerging biomarker in TNBC. In recent years, ARs have been demonstrated to play an important role in the genesis [...] Read more.
Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by aggressive tumour biology resulting in a poor prognosis. Androgen receptor (AR) is one of newly emerging biomarker in TNBC. In recent years, ARs have been demonstrated to play an important role in the genesis and in the development of breast cancer, although their prognostic role is still debated. In the present study, we explored the correlation of AR expression with clinical, pathological and molecular features and its impact on prognosis in early TNBC. Patients and Methods: ARs were considered positive in case of tumors with >10% nuclear-stained. Survival distribution was estimated by the Kaplan Meier method. The univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The difference among variables were calculated by chi-square test. Results: 81 TNBC patients diagnosed between January 2006 and December 2011 were included in the analysis. Slides were stained immunohistochemically for estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2, Ki-67, ALDH1, e-cadherin and AR. Of the 81 TNBC samples, 18.8% showed positive immunostaining for AR, 23.5% and 44.4% of patients were negative for e-cadherin and ALDH1, respectively. Positive AR immunostaining was inversely correlated with a higher Ki-67 (p < 0.0001) and a lympho-vascular invasion (p = 0.01), but no other variables. Univariate survival analysis revealed that AR expression was not associated with disease-free survival (p = 0.72) or overall survival (p = 0.93). Conclusions: The expression of AR is associated with some biological features of TNBC, such as Ki-67 and lympho-vascular invasion; nevertheless the prognostic significance of AR was not documented in our analysis. However, since ARs are expressed in a significant number of TNBC, prospective studies in order to determine the biological mechanisms and their potential role as novel treatment target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment)

Review

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522 KiB  
Review
The Roles of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer
by Ryou-u Takahashi, Hiroaki Miyazaki and Takahiro Ochiya
Cancers 2015, 7(2), 598-616; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers7020598 - 09 Apr 2015
Cited by 120 | Viewed by 11922
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, approximately 20–22 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes, mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the maintenance of biological homeostasis and [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, approximately 20–22 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes, mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the maintenance of biological homeostasis and that aberrant expression levels of miRNAs are associated with the onset of many diseases, including cancer. In various cancers, miRNAs play important roles in tumor initiation, drug resistance and metastasis. Recent studies reported that miRNAs could also be secreted via small endosome-derived vesicles called exosomes, which are derived from multiple cell types, including dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and tumor cells. Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and have been investigated as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the major findings related to the functions of miRNAs in breast cancer, which is the most frequent cancer in women, and discuss the potential clinical uses of miRNAs, including their roles as therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment)
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757 KiB  
Review
Standard of Care and Promising New Agents for Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
by Patrizia Mancini, Antonio Angeloni, Emanuela Risi, Errico Orsi and Silvia Mezi
Cancers 2014, 6(4), 2187-2223; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers6042187 - 24 Oct 2014
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 10998
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a cluster of heterogeneous diseases, all of them sharing the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 protein. They are characterized by different biological, molecular and clinical features, including a poor prognosis despite the [...] Read more.
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a cluster of heterogeneous diseases, all of them sharing the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2 protein. They are characterized by different biological, molecular and clinical features, including a poor prognosis despite the increased sensitivity to the current cytotoxic therapies. Several studies have identified important molecular features which enable further subdivision of this type of tumor. We are drawing from genomics, transcription and translation analysis at different levels, to improve our knowledge of the molecular alterations along the pathways which are activated during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. How this information should be used for the rational selection of therapy is an ongoing challenge and the subject of numerous research studies in progress. Currently, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), HSP90 and Aurora inhibitors are most used as targeting agents in metastatic setting clinical trials. In this paper we will review the current knowledge about the genetic subtypes of TNBC and their different responses to conventional therapeutic strategies, as well as to some new promising molecular target agents, aimed to achieve more tailored therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer Biology and Treatment)
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