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Cancers
Special Issues
Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer
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Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 19156

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Boban M. Erović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Head and Neck Diseases, Evangelical Hospital, 1180 Vienna, Austria
Interests: head and neck cancer surgery; clinical fellowship in head and neck surgery, reconstructive and thyroid surgery; microvascular reconstrcuzion; thyroid/parathyroid surgery; salivary gland (parold/submandibular) surgery; facial reconstruction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Carcinomas of the head and neck region are among the most common tumors and pose considerable challenges not only to the treating physician but also to patients and their relatives. Primary and adjuvant therapeutic approaches vary depending on the localization of the primary tumor, histology, patients’ general condition and the wishes of the patient. Adjuvant therapy—an almost endless topic—begins with radiation and chemotherapy and ends with rehabilitation procedures such as speech and language, physiotherapy and occupational therapy, as well as dietary supplements. This Special Issue intends to provide an overview of current and, above all, state-of-the-art adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer patients, and thus, open up new insights for physicians. With this letter, I cordially invite all colleagues from the fields of head and neck surgery, radiation therapy, plastic and reconstructive surgery, oncology, speech and language, occupational therapy, nutritional sciences, and rehabilitation to contribute their data and experiences to the readership of Cancers.

I/We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Boban M. Erović
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • radiotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • rehabilitation
  • nutritional supplements
  • reconstruction
  • physiotherapy
  • speech language pathology
  • quality of life

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

2 pages, 127 KiB  
Editorial
Bridging the Gap between Vision and Progression
by Boban M. Erovic
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010146 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 556
Abstract
Writing this editorial is more than a great pleasure and honor for me because since its first appearance in 2009, Cancers has become one of the most acknowledged journals among scientists and cancer surgeons [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

14 pages, 1511 KiB  
Article
Effect of Adjuvant Radiation Dose on Survival in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Weiming Han, Xiao Chang, Wencheng Zhang, Jingsong Yang, Shufei Yu, Wei Deng, Wenjie Ni, Zongmei Zhou, Dongfu Chen, Qinfu Feng, Jun Liang, Zhouguang Hui, Lvhua Wang, Shugeng Gao, Yu Lin, Xiaohui Chen, Junqiang Chen and Zefen Xiao
Cancers 2022, 14(23), 5879; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235879 - 29 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1163
Abstract
Background: For patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with surgery alone, the incidence of local-regional recurrence remains unfavorable. Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been associated with increased local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), although its application is limited by concerns of PORT-related toxicities. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: For patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with surgery alone, the incidence of local-regional recurrence remains unfavorable. Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been associated with increased local-regional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), although its application is limited by concerns of PORT-related toxicities. Methods: Among 3591 patients with ESCC analyzed in this study, 2765 patients with T3-4N0 and T1-4N1-3 lesions and specific local-regional status information were analyzed in a subsequent analysis of adjuvant radiation dose (aRTD) effect. Application of the restricted cubic spline regression model revealed a non-linear relationship between aRTD and survival/radiotoxicity. Linear regression analysis (LRA) was performed to evaluate correlations between LRFS and overall survival (OS)/ disease-free survival (DFS). Results: For patients staged T1–2N0, T1–2N1–3, T3–4N0, and T3–4N1–3, 5-year OS in PORT and non-PORT groups were 77.38% vs. 72.91%, p = 0.919, 52.35% vs. 46.60%, p = 0.032, 73.41% vs. 61.19%, p = 0.005 and 38.30% vs. 25.97%, p < 0.001. With aRTD escalation, hazard ratios (HRs) of OS/DFS declined until aRTD exceeded 50Gy, then increased, whereas that of LRFS declined until aRTD exceeded 50 Gy, then remained steady. HR of treatment-related mortality was stable until aRTD exceeded 50 Gy, then increased. LRA revealed strong correlations between LRFS and OS/DFS (r = 0.984 and r = 0.952, respectively). An absolute 1% advancement in LRFS resulted in 0.32% and 0.34% improvements in OS and DFS. Conclusions: An aRTD of 50Gy was well-tolerated, with favorable survival resulting from PORT-related LRFS improvement in patients staged T3–4N0 or T1-4N1–3. Further stratification analyses based on tumor burden would help determine potential PORT-beneficiaries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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20 pages, 5659 KiB  
Article
ACY1 Downregulation Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Cetuximab-Resistant Colorectal Cancer by Inactivating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
by Wulin Shan, Chunyang Dai, Huanhuan Zhang, Dan Han, Qiyi Yi and Bairong Xia
Cancers 2022, 14(22), 5704; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225704 - 21 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Treatment of cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global healthcare problem. This study aimed to assess the effects of radiotherapy on cetuximab-resistant CRC and explore the underlying mechanism. We established a cetuximab-resistant HCT116 cell line (HCT116-R) by extracorporeal shock. Differentially expressed mRNAs were [...] Read more.
Treatment of cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global healthcare problem. This study aimed to assess the effects of radiotherapy on cetuximab-resistant CRC and explore the underlying mechanism. We established a cetuximab-resistant HCT116 cell line (HCT116-R) by extracorporeal shock. Differentially expressed mRNAs were screened from cells treated with different radiation doses using second-generation high-throughput sequencing. Sequence data showed that ACY1 was significantly downregulated in HCT116-R cells after irradiation. Analysis of the GEO and TCGA datasets revealed that high ACY1 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis in CRC patients. In addition, immunohistochemistry results from CRC patients revealed that ACY1 protein expression was related to cetuximab resistance and lymph node metastasis. These findings suggested that ACY1 may function as an oncogene to promote CRC progression and regulate the radiosensitivity of cetuximab-resistant CRC. As expected, ACY1 silencing weakened the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HCT116-R cells after radiotherapy. Mechanistically, TCGA data demonstrated that ACY1 expression was closely related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CRC. We validated that radiotherapy first reduced β-catenin levels, followed by decreased expression of the metastasis-related protein E-cadherin. Silencing ACY1 dramatically enhanced these changes in β-catenin and E-cadherin after radiotherapy. In conclusion, ACY1 downregulation could enhance the radiosensitivity of cetuximab-resistant CRC by inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, implying that ACY1 may serve as a radiotherapy target for cetuximab-resistant CRC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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21 pages, 162920 KiB  
Article
Taraxasterol Inhibits Tumor Growth by Inducing Apoptosis and Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Junjie Lu, Bo Shuai, Zhexing Shou, Weina Guo, Cong Zhou, Xiaohu Ouyang, Haifeng Zhou, Junyi Li, Jing Cui, Feng Jiang, Kim Yun Jin, Alexey Sarapultsev, Fangfei Li, Ge Zhang, Shanshan Luo and Desheng Hu
Cancers 2022, 14(19), 4645; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194645 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2077
Abstract
Taraxasterol (TAX), one of the active components in Dandelion, demonstrated strong antitumor properties in several cancers. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TAX in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we showed that TAX inhibited the proliferation of [...] Read more.
Taraxasterol (TAX), one of the active components in Dandelion, demonstrated strong antitumor properties in several cancers. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TAX in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In this study, we showed that TAX inhibited the proliferation of cells by inducing S-phase cell cycle arrest and prevented cell migration by interfering epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells and lung carcinoma SPC-A1 cells. The pharmacological network analysis predicted that induction of apoptosis might be the potential mechanism of TAX-mediated cell deaths. Further in vitro experiments showed that TAX could significantly induce cancer cell apoptosis as verified by increased pro-apoptotic molecules including Bax, caspase-9, and PARP1 downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2; and decreased mitochondrial potential. The LLC subcutaneous tumor model demonstrated that TAX inhibited tumor growth by induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in vivo, which is consistent with the in vitro data. Importantly, TAX administration downregulated the proportion of Treg cells and upregulated CD107a+ NK cells in the tumor microenvironment in the tumor model. Together, these data reveal that TAX performs its antitumor effect by inducing apoptosis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, providing evidence that TAX could serve as a potential natural drug for lung cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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Review

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19 pages, 291 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Nanomedicine on Soft Tissue Sarcoma Treated by Radiotherapy and/or Hyperthermia: A Review
by Maria-Eleni Zachou, Vassilis Kouloulias, Marina Chalkia, Efstathios Efstathopoulos and Kalliopi Platoni
Cancers 2024, 16(2), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16020393 - 17 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1303
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive review of nanoparticle-assisted treatment approaches for soft tissue sarcoma (STS). STS, a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal-origin tumors with aggressive behavior and low overall survival rates, necessitates the exploration of innovative therapeutic interventions. In contrast to conventional treatments like [...] Read more.
This article presents a comprehensive review of nanoparticle-assisted treatment approaches for soft tissue sarcoma (STS). STS, a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal-origin tumors with aggressive behavior and low overall survival rates, necessitates the exploration of innovative therapeutic interventions. In contrast to conventional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy (RT), hyperthermia (HT), and chemotherapy, nanomedicine offers promising advancements in STS management. This review focuses on recent research in nanoparticle applications, including their role in enhancing RT and HT efficacy through improved drug delivery systems, novel radiosensitizers, and imaging agents. Reviewing the current state of nanoparticle-assisted therapies, this paper sheds light on their potential to revolutionize soft tissue sarcoma treatment and improve patient therapy outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
16 pages, 8624 KiB  
Review
Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment
by Zainab Al Shareef, Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid, Rula Mudhafar, Sameh S. M. Soliman and Robert M. Kypta
Cancers 2022, 14(23), 5822; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235822 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1840
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in [...] Read more.
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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16 pages, 353 KiB  
Review
Review of Under-Recognized Adjunctive Therapies for Cancer
by Mary E. Money, Carolyn M. Matthews and Jocelyn Tan-Shalaby
Cancers 2022, 14(19), 4780; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14194780 - 29 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
Patients and providers may not be aware that several adjunctive measures can significantly improve the quality of life, response to treatment, and possibly outcomes for cancer patients. This manuscript presents a review of practical under-recognized adjunctive therapies that are effective including exercise; stress-reduction [...] Read more.
Patients and providers may not be aware that several adjunctive measures can significantly improve the quality of life, response to treatment, and possibly outcomes for cancer patients. This manuscript presents a review of practical under-recognized adjunctive therapies that are effective including exercise; stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness, massage, yoga, Tai Chi, breathing exercises; importance of sleep quality; diet modifications such as calorie restriction at the time of chemotherapy and avoidance of high carbohydrate foods; supplements such as aspirin, green tea, turmeric, and melatonin; and repurposed prescription medications such as metformin and statins. Each recommendation should be tailored to the individual patient to assure no contraindications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)

Other

17 pages, 1970 KiB  
Systematic Review
Immunotherapy as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Advanced Chordoma: A Systemic Review
by Xiang Wang, Zhaoyu Chen, Bo Li, Jiefu Fan, Wei Xu and Jianru Xiao
Cancers 2023, 15(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15010264 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1957
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the function and efficacy of immunotherapy as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of advanced chordoma. Methods: Literature search was conducted by two reviewers independently. Case reports, case series and clinical trials of immunotherapy for chordoma were retrieved systematically from [...] Read more.
Objective: To summarize the function and efficacy of immunotherapy as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of advanced chordoma. Methods: Literature search was conducted by two reviewers independently. Case reports, case series and clinical trials of immunotherapy for chordoma were retrieved systematically from Pubmed, Web of Science, Scoupus and Cochrane Library. Clinical outcome data extracted from the literature included median progression-free survival (PFS), median overall survival (OS), clinical responses and adverse events (AEs). Results: All studies were published between 2015 and 2022. Twenty-two eligible studies were selected for systemic review. PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were the most common used immunotherapy agents in chordoma, among which Pembrolizumab was the most frequently prescribed. CTLA-4 antibody was only used as combination therapy in chordoma. Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) was not observed in any vaccine targeting brachyury, and injection site response was the most frequent AV. The response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) were the most generally used evaluation standard in chordoma immunotherapy, and none of the included studies employed the Choi criteria. Conclusions: No clinical data have demonstrated that CTLA-4 ICIs combined with PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs is more effective than ICIs monotherapy in treating chordoma, and ICIs in combination with other therapies exhibit more toxicity than monotherapy. PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs monotherapy is recommended as an immunotherapy in patients with advanced chordoma, which may even benefit PD-L1-negative patients. The brachyury vaccine has shown good safety in chordoma patients, and future clinical trials should focus on how to improve its therapeutic efficacy. The use of immunomodulatory agents is a promising therapeutic option, though additional clinical trials are required to evaluate their safety and effectiveness. RECIST does not seem to be an appropriate standard for assessing medications of intratumoral immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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18 pages, 790 KiB  
Systematic Review
Metformin Intervention—A Panacea for Cancer Treatment?
by Angelika Buczyńska, Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Adam Jacek Krętowski, Monika Zbucka-Krętowska and Agnieszka Adamska
Cancers 2022, 14(5), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14051336 - 04 Mar 2022
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4546
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of action and the individual influence of various metabolic pathways related to metformin intervention are under current investigation. The available data suggest that metformin provides many advantages, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, otoprotective, radioprotective, and radio-sensitizing properties depending on cellular [...] Read more.
The molecular mechanism of action and the individual influence of various metabolic pathways related to metformin intervention are under current investigation. The available data suggest that metformin provides many advantages, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, otoprotective, radioprotective, and radio-sensitizing properties depending on cellular context. This literature review was undertaken to provide novel evidence concerning metformin intervention, with a particular emphasis on cancer treatment and prevention. Undoubtedly, the pleiotropic actions associated with metformin include inhibiting inflammatory processes, increasing antioxidant capacity, and improving glycemic and lipid metabolism. Consequently, these characteristics make metformin an attractive medicament to translate to human trials, the promising results of which were also summarized in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adjuvant Therapy in Cancer)
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