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Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies...
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Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 January 2025 | Viewed by 9407

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anthony Taylor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Leicester Medical School, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
Interests: gynecological cancer; ovarian disorders; endocannabinoid system; molecular mechanism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

It is clear that the incidence of gynaecological cancers is on the increase and due to the different forms of gynaecological cancer (ovarian, oviductal, endometrial, cervical and vulval), different therapeutic approaches are required. Additionally, the efficacy of various targeted therapies in different cancer subtypes suggests that treatment choices in the near future will be dependent on technology. Data from preclinical, clinical, and observational studies have revealed many new technologies such as robotic surgery (for endometrial cancer), iKnife and MS/MS molecular modelling (for ovarian cancer) and Zedscan (electrical impedance) measurement for cervical cancer. Associated methodologies have also improved patient outcomes and survival, with this trend likely to continue. 

This open-access Special Issue will bring together original research and review articles on molecular oncology and the use of emerging technologies in relation to the early detection and treatment of cancers. It highlights new findings, methods, and technical advances in gynaecological cancer research. The main feature of this Special Issue is to provide open-source sharing of significant works in the field of gynaecological cancer that will increase our understanding of cancer development, and may lead to the discovery of new molecular diagnostic technologies and better targeted therapeutics. 

Topics include but are not limited to:

  1. Molecular methods for better gynaecological cancer screening and detection.
  2. New technology for better targeted therapies to prevent cancer development and metastases.
  3. Identification and new aspects of cellular signalling molecules and pathways for target discovery, patient prognosis, future drug design, and better patient outcomes.

Dr. Anthony Taylor
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynaecological cancer
  • robotic surgery
  • cancer screening and detection
  • cellular signalling molecules
  • pathways cellular signalling

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 3697 KiB  
Article
Anticancer Effects of BRD4 Inhibitor in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
by Yeorae Kim, Wook-Ha Park, Dong-Hoon Suh, Kidong Kim, Jae-Hong No and Yong-Beom Kim
Cancers 2024, 16(5), 959; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16050959 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
Efforts have been made to develop bromodomain inhibitors as cancer treatments. Sub-pathways, particularly in ovarian cancer, affected by bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) remain unclear. This study verified the antitumor effects of a new drug that can overcome OPT-0139-chemoresistance to treat ovarian cancer. A mouse [...] Read more.
Efforts have been made to develop bromodomain inhibitors as cancer treatments. Sub-pathways, particularly in ovarian cancer, affected by bromodomain-containing protein (BRD) remain unclear. This study verified the antitumor effects of a new drug that can overcome OPT-0139-chemoresistance to treat ovarian cancer. A mouse xenograft model of human ovarian cancer cells, SKOV3 and OVCAR3, was used in this study. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using MTT and ATP assays. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry. BRD4 and c-Myc expression and apoptosis-related molecules were detected using RT-PCR and real-time PCR and Western blot. We confirmed the OPT-0139 effect and mechanism of action in epithelial ovarian cancer. OPT-0139 significantly reduced cell viability and proliferation and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In the mouse xenograft model, significant changes in tumor growth, volume, weight, and BRD4-related gene expression were observed, suggesting the antitumor effects of BRD4 inhibitors. Combination therapy with cisplatin promoted apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest OPT-0139, a BRD4 inhibitor, as a promising anticancer drug for the treatment of ovarian cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, decreasing cell viability, arresting cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
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15 pages, 5047 KiB  
Article
Novel LIPA-Targeted Therapy for Treating Ovarian Cancer
by Alexia B. Collier, Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli, Rahul Gopalam, Tae-Kyung Lee, Kara Kassees, Karla Parra, Gaurav Sharma, Tanner C. Reese, Xihui Liu, Xue Yang, Behnam Ebrahimi, Uday P. Pratap, Megharani Mahajan, William C. Arnold, Adriana Baker, Chia-Yuan Chen, Scott Terry Elmore, Panneerdoss Subbarayalu, Gangadhara R. Sareddy, Philip T. Valente, Edward R. Kost, Jung-Mo Ahn and Ratna K. Vadlamudiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2024, 16(3), 500; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16030500 - 24 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the most lethal form of gynecologic cancer, and the tumor heterogeneities at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels fuel tumor resistance to standard therapies and pose a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the heightened basal [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the most lethal form of gynecologic cancer, and the tumor heterogeneities at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels fuel tumor resistance to standard therapies and pose a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the heightened basal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) observed in OCa represents an exploitable vulnerability and may overcome tumor heterogeneity. Our recent studies identified LIPA as a novel target to induce ERS in cancer cells using the small molecule ERX-41. However, the role of LIPA and theutility of ERX-41 to treat OCa remain unknown. Expression analysis using the TNMplot web tool, TCGA data sets, and immunohistochemistry analysis using a tumor tissue array showed that LIPA is highly expressed in OCa tissues, compared to normal tissues. ERX-41 treatment significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation ability and promoted the apoptosis of OCa cells. Mechanistic studies revealed a robust and consistent induction of ERS markers, including CHOP, elF2α, PERK, and ATF4, upon ERX-41 treatment. In xenograft and PDX studies, ERX-41 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in tumor growth. Collectively, our results suggest that ERX-41 is a novel therapeutic agent that targets the LIPA with a unique mechanism of ERS induction, which could be exploited to treat heterogeneity in OCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
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22 pages, 4318 KiB  
Article
Identification of Potentially Novel Molecular Targets of Endometrial Cancer Using a Non-Biased Proteomic Approach
by Anthony H. Taylor, Justin C. Konje and Thangesweran Ayakannu
Cancers 2023, 15(18), 4665; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184665 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying novel proteins in endometrial cancer (EC), employing proteomic analysis of tissues obtained after surgery. A differential MS-based proteomic analysis was conducted from whole tissues dissected from biopsies from post-menopausal women, histologically confirmed as endometrial cancer (two [...] Read more.
The present study was aimed at identifying novel proteins in endometrial cancer (EC), employing proteomic analysis of tissues obtained after surgery. A differential MS-based proteomic analysis was conducted from whole tissues dissected from biopsies from post-menopausal women, histologically confirmed as endometrial cancer (two endometrioid and two serous; n = 4) or normal atrophic endometrium (n = 4), providing 888 differentially expressed proteins with 246 of these previously documented elsewhere as expressed in EC and 372 proteins not previously demonstrated to be expressed in EC but associated with other types of cancer. Additionally, 33 proteins not recorded previously in PubMed as being expressed in any forms of cancer were also identified, with only 26 of these proteins having a publication associated with their expression patterns or putative functions. The putative functions of the 26 proteins (GRN, APP, HEXA, CST3, CAD, QARS, SIAE, WARS, MYH8, CLTB, GOLIM4, SCARB2, BOD1L1, C14orf142, C9orf142, CCDC13, CNPY4, FAM169A, HN1L, PIGT, PLCL1, PMFBP1, SARS2, SCPEP1, SLC25A24 and ZC3H4) in other tissues point towards and provide a basis for further investigation of these previously unrecognised novel EC proteins. The developmental biology, disease, extracellular matrix, homeostatic, immune, metabolic (both RNA and protein), programmed cell death, signal transduction, molecular transport, transcriptional networks and as yet uncharacterised pathways indicate that these proteins are potentially involved in endometrial carcinogenesis and thus may be important in EC diagnosis, prognostication and treatment and thus are worthy of further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
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Review

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12 pages, 585 KiB  
Review
Serum Proteomic Signatures in Cervical Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions
by Chaston Weaver, Alisha Nam, Caitlin Settle, Madelyn Overton, Maya Giddens, Katherine P. Richardson, Rachael Piver, David P. Mysona, Bunja Rungruang, Sharad Ghamande, Richard McIndoe and Sharad Purohit
Cancers 2024, 16(9), 1629; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16091629 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 626
Abstract
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 604,000 new diagnoses of cervical cancer (CC) worldwide, and over 300,000 CC-related fatalities. The vast majority of CC cases are caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HPV-related CC incidence and mortality rates have declined [...] Read more.
In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 604,000 new diagnoses of cervical cancer (CC) worldwide, and over 300,000 CC-related fatalities. The vast majority of CC cases are caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. HPV-related CC incidence and mortality rates have declined worldwide because of increased HPV vaccination and CC screening with the Papanicolaou test (PAP test). Despite these significant improvements, developing countries face difficulty implementing these programs, while developed nations are challenged with identifying HPV-independent cases. Molecular and proteomic information obtained from blood or tumor samples have a strong potential to provide information on malignancy progression and response to therapy in CC. There is a large amount of published biomarker data related to CC available but the extensive validation required by the FDA approval for clinical use is lacking. The ability of researchers to use the big data obtained from clinical studies and to draw meaningful relationships from these data are two obstacles that must be overcome for implementation into clinical practice. We report on identified multimarker panels of serum proteomic studies in CC for the past 5 years, the potential for modern computational biology efforts, and the utilization of nationwide biobanks to bridge the gap between multivariate protein signature development and the prediction of clinically relevant CC patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
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10 pages, 258 KiB  
Review
HER2 Oncogene as Molecular Target in Uterine Serous Carcinoma and Uterine Carcinosarcoma
by Blair McNamara, Levent Mutlu, Michelle Greenman, Justin Harold and Alessandro Santin
Cancers 2023, 15(16), 4085; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164085 - 14 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1598
Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) are two rare histologic variants of uterine carcinoma, with distinct molecular profiles and aggressive metastatic potential. As the effectivity of traditional platinum-based chemotherapy for USC and UCS is low, and there are high rates of [...] Read more.
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS) are two rare histologic variants of uterine carcinoma, with distinct molecular profiles and aggressive metastatic potential. As the effectivity of traditional platinum-based chemotherapy for USC and UCS is low, and there are high rates of resistance and recurrence, the development of novel targeted therapeutics is needed. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has proven to be an oncogene of increasing interest in these cancers, as HER2 protein overexpression and/or c-ERBB2 gene amplification ranges from ~30 to 35% in USC, and between ~15 and 20% in UCS. This review summarizes the existing clinical and preclinical evidence, as well as ongoing clinical trials of HER2-targeting therapeutics, and identifies potential areas of further development and inquiry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
18 pages, 1594 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Ovarian Cancer: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Chemoresistance and a Precision Medicine Approach Targeting the Wnt Pathway with the Antagonist sFRP4
by Lavanya Varier, S. Mohana Sundaram, Naisarg Gamit and Sudha Warrier
Cancers 2023, 15(4), 1275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041275 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3356
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers, having a relatively high fatality rate with a low five-year chance of survival when detected in late stages. The early detection, treatment and prevention of metastasis is pertinent and a pressing research priority [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers, having a relatively high fatality rate with a low five-year chance of survival when detected in late stages. The early detection, treatment and prevention of metastasis is pertinent and a pressing research priority as many patients are diagnosed only in stage three of ovarian cancer. Despite surgical interventions, targeted immunotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, relapses are significantly higher than other cancers, suggesting the dire need to identify the root cause of metastasis and relapse and present more precise therapeutic options. In this review, we first describe types of ovarian cancers, the existing markers and treatment modalities. As ovarian cancer is driven and sustained by an elusive and highly chemoresistant population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their role and the associated signature markers are exhaustively discussed. Non-invasive diagnostic markers, which can be identified early in the disease using circulating tumor cells (CTCs), are also described. The mechanism of the self-renewal, chemoresistance and metastasis of ovarian CSCs is regulated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, its role in ovarian cancer in promoting stemness and metastasis is delineated. Based on our findings, we propose a novel strategy of Wnt inhibition using a well-known Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 4 (sFRP4), wherein short micropeptides derived from the whole protein can be used as powerful inhibitors. The latest approaches to early diagnosis and novel treatment strategies emphasized in this review will help design precision medicine approaches for an effective capture and destruction of highly aggressive ovarian cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gynecological Cancer: Molecular Oncology and the Use of Emerging Technologies in Relation to Early Detection and Treatment)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: The Emerging Therapeutic Use of Tumor Suppressive MicroRNA-7 in Cervical Cancer
Author: Roy
Highlights: MicroRNA-7 down regulates expression of EGFR and inhibits cell growth and migration in cervical cancer cells. Exosomes can be used to deliver miR-7 to target cancer cells Exosomal miR-7 inhibits cervical cancer proliferation and migration MiRNA-7 has great therapeutic promise in cervical cancer

Title: cervical neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma
Authors: Tze-Chien Chen
Affiliation: Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan

Title: A Bittersweet Symphony: Galectins, Glycans and High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC)
Authors: Deirdre Coombe
Affiliation: Curtin Medical School, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia

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