Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment in Uveal Melanoma

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Tumor Microenvironment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3944

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
Interests: uveal melanoma; cancer immunology; cancer biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although a relatively rare disease, primary uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common malignant tumor of the eye in adults, with a yearly incidence of 5.1 cases per million. Primary UMs are effectively treated by resection, radiation therapy, or enucleation; however, more than 50% of UM patients ultimately succumb to metastases, specifically metastases of the liver.

Tebentafusp (KIMMTRAKR), a gp-100-trageting TCR/anti-CD3 bispecific fusion protein, is FDA-approved for treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma with HLA-A*02:01– positive. The fusion protein activates antitumor immune responses in patients’ tumor microenvironment.

Understanding the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment is crucial for a better grasp on the mechanisms of cancer, including how it grows, metastasizes, and resists treatment. These assessments will contribute to the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes as well as disrupt cancer cells directly and indirectly.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Papers may cover areas such as the biology of UM, its microenvironment, and treatment options, highlighting both basic and clinical aspects.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Mizue Terai
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • uveal melanoma
  • metastatic uveal melanoma
  • tumor microenvironment
  • pre-clinical research models
  • immunotherapies
  • targeted therapies
  • liver-directed therapies

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 9123 KiB  
Article
Co-Targeting FASN and mTOR Suppresses Uveal Melanoma Growth
by Anna Han, Dzmitry Mukha, Vivian Chua, Timothy J. Purwin, Manoela Tiago, Bhavik Modasia, Usman Baqai, Jenna L. Aumiller, Nelisa Bechtel, Emily Hunter, Meggie Danielson, Mizue Terai, Philip B. Wedegaertner, Takami Sato, Solange Landreville, Michael A. Davies, Stefan Kurtenbach, J. William Harbour, Zachary T. Schug and Andrew E. Aplin
Cancers 2023, 15(13), 3451; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133451 - 30 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1772
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) displays a high frequency of metastasis; however, effective therapies for metastatic UM are limited. Identifying unique metabolic features of UM may provide a potential targeting strategy. A lipid metabolism protein expression signature was induced in a normal choroidal melanocyte (NCM) [...] Read more.
Uveal melanoma (UM) displays a high frequency of metastasis; however, effective therapies for metastatic UM are limited. Identifying unique metabolic features of UM may provide a potential targeting strategy. A lipid metabolism protein expression signature was induced in a normal choroidal melanocyte (NCM) line transduced with GNAQ (Q209L), a driver in UM growth and development. Consistently, UM cells expressed elevated levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) compared to NCMs. FASN upregulation was associated with increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) levels. FASN and mTOR inhibitors alone significantly reduced UM cell growth. Concurrent inhibition of FASN and mTOR further reduced UM cell growth by promoting cell cycle arrest and inhibiting glucose utilization, TCA cycle metabolism, and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that FASN is important for UM cell growth and co-inhibition of FASN and mTOR signaling may be considered for treatment of UM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment in Uveal Melanoma)
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18 pages, 5021 KiB  
Article
Targeting IRS-1/2 in Uveal Melanoma Inhibits In Vitro Cell Growth, Survival and Migration, and In Vivo Tumor Growth
by Chandrani Chattopadhyay, Rajat Bhattacharya, Jason Roszik, Fatima S. Khan, Gabrielle A. Wells, Hugo Villanueva, Yong Qin, Rishav Bhattacharya, Sapna P. Patel and Elizabeth A. Grimm
Cancers 2022, 14(24), 6247; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246247 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1799
Abstract
Uveal melanoma originating in the eye and metastasizing to the liver is associated with poor prognosis and has only one approved therapeutic option. We hypothesized that liver-borne growth factors may contribute to UM growth. Therefore, we investigated the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in [...] Read more.
Uveal melanoma originating in the eye and metastasizing to the liver is associated with poor prognosis and has only one approved therapeutic option. We hypothesized that liver-borne growth factors may contribute to UM growth. Therefore, we investigated the role of IGF-1/IGF-1R signaling in UM. Here, we found that IRS-1, the insulin receptor substrate, is overexpressed in both UM cells and tumors. Since we previously observed that IGF-1R antibody therapy was not clinically effective in UM, we investigated the potential of NT157, a small molecule inhibitor of IRS-1/2, in blocking this pathway in UM. NT157 treatment of multiple UM cell lines resulted in reduced cell growth and migration and increased apoptosis. This treatment also significantly inhibited UM tumor growth in vivo, in the chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and subcutaneous mouse models, validating the in vitro effect. Mechanistically, through reverse phase protein array (RPPA), we identified significant proteomic changes in the PI3K/AKT pathway, a downstream mediator of IGF-1 signaling, with NT157 treatment. Together, these results suggest that NT157 inhibits cell growth, survival, and migration in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo via inhibiting IGF-1 signaling in UM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment in Uveal Melanoma)
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