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Cancers
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New Insights into Urologic Oncology
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New Insights into Urologic Oncology

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 November 2024 | Viewed by 2102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Justin H. Hwang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Campus, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Interests: genomics; epigenomics; multi-omics; metastasis; treatment resistance
Dr. Song Yi Bae

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Interests: cancer biology; drug resistance; prostate cancer; neuroendocrine tumors; receptor tyrosine kinase pathway; targeted therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urologic cancer comprises malignancies that affect the prostate, kidney, bladder, penis, and testis, and stands as one of the prominent global contributors to cancer-related mortality. The treatment landscape for these conditions has evolved significantly, incorporating enhanced surgical interventions, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and precision medicines. However, despite these advancements, many advanced urologic cancer patients still have poor outcomes. We therefore require deeper insights into these diseases. Understanding these mechanisms can improve patient stratification for existing therapies, elucidate the evolving landscape of drug resistance, and drive the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.

This Special Issue shall discuss concurrent research strategies and clinical observations that advance our understanding of urologic cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Additionally, this will expand our knowledge of causal mechanisms and novel target genes. These areas of research are aimed to improve patient outcomes.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Germline and somatic alterations that drive the disease progression and resistance of urologic cancers;
  • The mechanisms and roles of epigenetic reprogramming on the advancement and resistance of urologic cancers;
  • Innovative predictive tools for therapy responses in patients with urologic cancers;
  • Emerging targets that promote the progression of urologic cancers;
  • The influence of tumor heterogeneity on the responses and resistance to therapies in urologic cancers;
  • The mechanisms that drive lineage plasticity in the context of therapeutic resistance;
  • Identifying novel biomarkers for disease status and developing biomarker-driven therapies to overcome therapeutic resistance.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Justin H. Hwang
Dr. Song Yi Bae
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urologic cancer
  • therapeutic resistance
  • heterogeneity
  • genomic alterations
  • lineage plasticity
  • epigenetic reprogramming

Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Low Alanine Aminotransferase as a Marker for Sarcopenia and Frailty, Is Associated with Decreased Survival of Bladder Cancer Patients and Survivors—A Retrospective Data Analysis of 3075 Patients
by Menachem Laufer, Maxim Perelman, Gad Segal, Michal Sarfaty and Edward Itelman
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 174; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010174 - 29 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 693
Abstract
Background. Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function and is associated with frailty, a syndrome linked to an increased likelihood of falls, fractures, and physical disability. Both frailty and sarcopenia are recognized as markers for shortened survival in a [...] Read more.
Background. Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function and is associated with frailty, a syndrome linked to an increased likelihood of falls, fractures, and physical disability. Both frailty and sarcopenia are recognized as markers for shortened survival in a number of medical conditions and in cancer patient populations. Low alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values, representing low muscle mass (sarcopenia), may be associated with increased frailty and subsequently shortened survival in cancer patients. In the current study, we aimed to assess the potential relationship between low ALT and shorter survival in bladder cancer patients and survivors. Patients and Methods. This was a retrospective analysis of bladder cancer patients and survivors, both in and outpatients. We defined patients with sarcopenia as those presenting with ALT < 17 IU/L. Results. A total of 5769 bladder cancer patients’ records were identified. After the exclusion of patients with no available ALT values or ALT levels above the upper normal limit, the final study cohort included 3075 patients (mean age 73.2 ± 12 years), of whom 80% were men and 1362 (53% had ALT ≤ 17 IU/L. The mean ALT value of patients within the low ALT group was 11.44 IU/L, while the mean value in the higher ALT level group was 24.32 IU/L (p < 0.001). Patients in the lower ALT group were older (74.7 vs. 71.4 years; p < 0.001), had lower BMI (25.8 vs. 27; p < 0.001), and their hemoglobin values were lower (11.7 vs. 12.6 g/dL; p < 0.001). In a univariate analysis, low ALT levels were associated with a 45% increase in mortality (95% CI 1.31–1.60, p < 0.001). In a multivariate model controlling for age, kidney function, and hemoglobin, low ALT levels were still associated with 22% increased mortality. Conclusions. Low ALT values, indicative of sarcopenia and frailty, are associated with decreased survival of bladder cancer patients and survivors and could potentially be applied for optimizing individual treatment decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Urologic Oncology)
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16 pages, 2877 KiB  
Systematic Review
Urine-Based Biomarker Test Uromonitor® in the Detection and Disease Monitoring of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Test Performance
by Anton P. Kravchuk, Ingmar Wolff, Christian Gilfrich, Ralph M. Wirtz, Paula Soares, Kay-Patrick Braun, Sabine D. Brookman-May, Lisa Kollitsch, Katharina Hauner, Martin Burchardt, Johannes Bründl, Maximilian Burger and Matthias May
Cancers 2024, 16(4), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16040753 - 11 Feb 2024
Viewed by 988
Abstract
Optimal urine-based diagnostic tests (UBDT) minimize unnecessary follow-up cystoscopies in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder-cancer (NMIBC), while accurately detecting high-grade bladder-cancer without false-negative results. Such UBDTs have not been comprehensively described upon a broad, validated dataset, resulting in cautious guideline recommendations. Uromonitor®, [...] Read more.
Optimal urine-based diagnostic tests (UBDT) minimize unnecessary follow-up cystoscopies in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder-cancer (NMIBC), while accurately detecting high-grade bladder-cancer without false-negative results. Such UBDTs have not been comprehensively described upon a broad, validated dataset, resulting in cautious guideline recommendations. Uromonitor®, a urine-based DNA-assay detecting hotspot alterations in TERT, FGFR3, and KRAS, shows promising initial results. However, a systematic review merging all available data is lacking. Studies investigating the diagnostic performance of Uromonitor® in NMIBC until November 2023 were identified in PubMed, Embase, Web-of-Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and medRxiv databases. Within aggregated analyses, test performance and area under the curve/AUC were calculated. This project fully implemented the PRISMA statement. Four qualifying studies comprised a total of 1190 urinary tests (bladder-cancer prevalence: 14.9%). Based on comprehensive analyses, sensitivity, specificity, positive-predictive value/PPV, negative-predictive value/NPV, and test accuracy of Uromonitor® were 80.2%, 96.9%, 82.1%, 96.6%, and 94.5%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.886 (95%-CI: 0.851–0.921). In a meta-analysis of two studies comparing test performance with urinary cytology, Uromonitor® significantly outperformed urinary cytology in sensitivity, PPV, and test accuracy, while no significant differences were observed for specificity and NPV. This systematic review supports the use of Uromonitor® considering its favorable diagnostic performance. In a cohort of 1000 patients with a bladder-cancer prevalence of ~15%, this UBDT would avert 825 unnecessary cystoscopies (true-negatives) while missing 30 bladder-cancer cases (false-negatives). Due to currently limited aggregated data from only four studies with heterogeneous quality, confirmatory studies are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Urologic Oncology)
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