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Cancers
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Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy
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Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2023) | Viewed by 9272

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Emad H. Kandil

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Professor and Elias Hanna Chair of Surgery and Chief of General, Endocrine and Oncological Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Interests: endocrine surgeries; molecular biology; big data analysis; robotic surgeries; clinical outcomes; anti-tumor therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

As Guest Editor, I am pleased to introduce this Cancers (IF: 6.575) Special Issue entitled “Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy”.

The past decade has seen much innovation in the field of endocrinology, with novel surgical approaches, technologies, medications, and understanding changing the way we practice. We invite authors to contribute primary works and reviews relevant to the field of endocrinology, including discussions of topics such as the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the adrenal gland, and melanomas. We particularly welcome work discussing imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT, MRI, and PET/CT), novel approaches (e.g., minimally invasive techniques and remote-access approaches), and putative genetic markers of disease.

Prof. Dr. Emad H. Kandil
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endocrine cancer
  • thyroid cancer
  • parathyroids
  • adrenals
  • melanoma
  • pancreas
  • neoplasms
  • minimally invasive surgeries

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 625 KiB  
Article
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Protective Factor against Recurrence in BRAF-Wild Type Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
by Peter P. Issa, Mahmoud Omar, Yusef Buti, Mohamed Aboueisha, Ruhul Munshi, Mohammad Hussein, Muhib Haidari, Graham Blair, Chad P. Issa, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih and Emad Kandil
Cancers 2023, 15(8), 2371; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082371 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
A recent work analyzing the concomitant factors BRAF mutation (risk factor) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (protective factor) found that the presence of HT reduced lymph node metastasis in BRAF-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma. Whether this notion is upheld with respect to disease recurrence and [...] Read more.
A recent work analyzing the concomitant factors BRAF mutation (risk factor) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) (protective factor) found that the presence of HT reduced lymph node metastasis in BRAF-mutated papillary thyroid carcinoma. Whether this notion is upheld with respect to disease recurrence and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), however, is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of underlying HT in DTC patients and its influence on recurrence with a specific emphasis in BRAF-mutated tumors. A total of 469 patients were included. Patients were stratified according to BRAF and HT status. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine protective and risk factors of disease recurrence in patients with DTC. HT was associated with less-aggressive carcinomas including more frequent microcarcinomas (HT: 45.0% vs. no-HT: 34.0%, p = 0.02), less lymph node involvement (HT: 16.4% vs. no-HT: 26.1%, p = 0.02), and less disease recurrence (HT: 2.9% vs. no-HT: 11.9%, p = 0.002). BRAF mutation was also significantly associated with higher rates of lymph node involvement (BRAF-mutant: 41.9% vs. BRAF-wild type: 14.6%, p < 0.001) and almost two times the rate of recurrence (BRAF-mutant: 14.9% vs. BRAF-wild type: 6.5%, p = 0.004). Underlying HT was the only protective factor determined, reducing the odds of developing recurrence by 70% (HR: 0.30, 95%CI: 0.11–0.88). In the BRAF-wild type cohort, regression analysis continued to determine HT as a protective factor (p = 0.03). However, in the BRAF-mutant cohort, HT was no longer an independent protective factor (p = 0.20) against recurrence. Sub-group regression analysis, including PTC patients, similarly found HT as a protective factor only in BRAF-wild type patients (p = 0.039) and not BRAF-mutant (p = 0.627). The presence of underlying HT is associated with less aggressive tumors and is an independent protective factor against DTC recurrence, reducing the risk by 70%. HT remains a protective factor in BRAF-wild type carcinoma, but not in patients with BRAF-mutant carcinoma. HT may potentially be considered as a parameter which enhances American Thyroid Association patient risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy)
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13 pages, 1431 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic Performance of Afirma and Interpace Diagnostics Genetic Testing in Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: A Single Center Study
by Emad Kandil, Tyler A. Metz, Peter P. Issa, Mohamed Aboueisha, Mahmoud Omar, Abdallah S. Attia, Bert Chabot, Mohammad Hussein, Krzysztof Moroz, Mohamed Shama and Eman Toraih
Cancers 2023, 15(7), 2098; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072098 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1760
Abstract
Indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN) represent 20–30% of biopsied nodules, with a 10–60% risk of malignancy. Molecular testing can stratify the risk of malignancy among ITNs, and subsequently reduce the need for unnecessary diagnostic surgery. We aimed to assess the performance of these molecular [...] Read more.
Indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITN) represent 20–30% of biopsied nodules, with a 10–60% risk of malignancy. Molecular testing can stratify the risk of malignancy among ITNs, and subsequently reduce the need for unnecessary diagnostic surgery. We aimed to assess the performance of these molecular tests at a single institution. Patients with Bethesda III, IV, and V nodules with Afirma and Interpace Diagnostics genetic testing data from November 2013 to November 2021 were included. Three cohorts were formed, including GSC + XA, ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR, and GSC + GEC. Statistical analysis determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and accuracy of each type of testing. The PPV of nodules undergoing genetic testing by ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR (45.00%, 95%CI: 28.28–62.93%, p = 0.032) and GSC + XA (57.14%, 95%CI: 29.32–81.08%, p < 0.001) were superior to that of GEC + GSC (30.72%, 95%CI: 26.83–34.90%). The NPV was above 85% in all cohorts, suggesting overall suitable rule-out tests. The Afirma platform (GSC + XA) had the highest NPV at 96.97%. The overall accuracy for nodules undergoing ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR was 81.42% (95%CI: 73.01–88.11%, p < 0.001). A total of 230 patients underwent thyroidectomy, including less than 60% of each of the ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR and GSC + XA cohorts. Specifically, only 25% of patients in the GSC + XA cohort underwent surgery, considerably decreasing the rate of unnecessary surgical intervention. Sub-group analysis, including only patients with surgical pathology, found that PPV tended to be higher in the GSC + XA cohort, at 66.67% (95%CI: 37.28–87.06%), as compared to the ThyGeNEXT + ThyraMIR cohort, at 52.94% (95%CI: 35.25–69.92%). The Afirma genetic testing platform GSC + XA outperformed the other platforms with regards to both PPV and NPV and decreased the rate of surgery in patients with ITNs by 75%, significantly preventing unnecessary surgical intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy)
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Review

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35 pages, 2076 KiB  
Review
Models in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Current Perspectives and Future Directions
by Steven D. Forsythe, Tracey Pu, Stephen G. Andrews, James P. Madigan and Samira M. Sadowski
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3756; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153756 - 25 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from multiple neuroendocrine origin cell subtypes. Incidence rates for pNENs have steadily risen over the last decade, and outcomes continue to vary widely due to inability to properly screen. These tumors encompass [...] Read more.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors derived from multiple neuroendocrine origin cell subtypes. Incidence rates for pNENs have steadily risen over the last decade, and outcomes continue to vary widely due to inability to properly screen. These tumors encompass a wide range of functional and non-functional subtypes, with their rarity and slow growth making therapeutic development difficult as most clinically used therapeutics are derived from retrospective analyses. Improved molecular understanding of these cancers has increased our knowledge of the tumor biology for pNENs. Despite these advances in our understanding of pNENs, there remains a dearth of models for further investigation. In this review, we will cover the current field of pNEN models, which include established cell lines, animal models such as mice and zebrafish, and three-dimensional (3D) cell models, and compare their uses in modeling various disease aspects. While no study model is a complete representation of pNEN biology, each has advantages which allow for new scientific understanding of these rare tumors. Future efforts and advancements in technology will continue to create new options in modeling these cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy)
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33 pages, 794 KiB  
Review
Modern Surgical Techniques of Thyroidectomy and Advances in the Prevention and Treatment of Perioperative Complications
by Bartłomiej Ludwig, Maksymilian Ludwig, Anna Dziekiewicz, Agnieszka Mikuła, Jakub Cisek, Szymon Biernat and Krzysztof Kaliszewski
Cancers 2023, 15(11), 2931; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15112931 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2379
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system, and, in recent years, there has been a phenomenon of overdiagnosis followed by subsequent overtreatment. This results in an increasing number of thyroidectomy complications being faced in clinical practice. In this paper, [...] Read more.
Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system, and, in recent years, there has been a phenomenon of overdiagnosis followed by subsequent overtreatment. This results in an increasing number of thyroidectomy complications being faced in clinical practice. In this paper, we present the current state of knowledge and the latest findings in the fields of modern surgical techniques, thermal ablation, the identification and assessment of parathyroid function, recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring and treatment and perioperative bleeding. We reviewed 485 papers, from which we selected 125 papers that are the most relevant. The main merit of this article is its comprehensive view of the subject under discussion—both general, concerning the selection of the appropriate method of surgery, and particular, concerning the selection of the appropriate method of prevention or treatment of selected perioperative complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy)
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Other

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13 pages, 845 KiB  
Systematic Review
Comparison of Medical Management versus Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis
by Katherine A. Cironi, Peter P. Issa, Aaron L. Albuck, Christina McCarthy, Leely Rezvani, Mohammad Hussein, Xinyi Luo, Mohamed Shama, Eman Toraih and Emad Kandil
Cancers 2023, 15(12), 3085; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123085 - 07 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1365
Abstract
Background: Parathyroidectomy is the definitive cure for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and has an annual prevalence of 0.2–1% in the United States. Some patients with mild disease are medically managed effectively using calcium-lowering medications and drugs against complications such as osteoporosis; however, [...] Read more.
Background: Parathyroidectomy is the definitive cure for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and has an annual prevalence of 0.2–1% in the United States. Some patients with mild disease are medically managed effectively using calcium-lowering medications and drugs against complications such as osteoporosis; however, many maintain a persistently high calcium level that negatively impacts their skeletal, renal, and psychogenic systems over the long term. This meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes of medical management versus parathyroidectomy in patients with mild pHPT. Study Design: This meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science by two teams of investigators. Analysis was run using R packages. Results: A total of 12 publications including seven randomized control, two prospective, and three retrospective trials with a total of 1346 patients were included for analysis. The average follow-up for all patients was 41 ± 23.8 months. Demographics, pre-treatment calcium, PTH, and bone mineral density (BMD) were similar between the medical (N = 632) and surgical (N = 714) cohorts. Post-treatment calcium and PTH levels were significantly higher in the medical cohort (10.46 vs. 9.39, p < 0.01), (106.14 vs. 43.25, p = 0.001), respectively. Interestingly, the post-treatment PTH in the medical cohort increased when compared to pre-treatment (83.84 to 106.14). Patients in the medical cohort had lower BMD in lumbar (0.48 g/cm2; OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.83), femoral (0.48; OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.29, 0.61), and hip (0.61; OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.85). Incidences of fracture, nephrolithiasis, cardiovascular death, or overall mortality were not significantly different between the cohorts. Conclusions: The present study is the most comprehensive meta-analysis on mild pHPT to date. Our findings reflect that parathyroidectomy is the superior option in the treatment of mild pHPT patients as opposed to medical management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Endocrine Cancer—Technology, Techniques and Therapy)
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