Lung Cancer: Molecular Pathways, Current Therapies and New Targeted Treatments

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 1425

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Cell Cycle and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: cancer; development of chemical compounds; lung cancer; autophagy; immunotherapy

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Guest Editor
Radiobiology and Radiopathology Unit, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
Interests: lung cancer; prostate cancer; pancreatic cancer; autophagy; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

According to the WHO, lung cancer constitutes the most lethal type of tumor and accounts for a huge number of deaths worldwide. In 2020, lung cancer caused near to 2 million deaths and 2.2 million new cases. The most common types of lung cancer are small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).  Many scientific groups are working on lung cancer, producing deeper knowledge about its genetic background and risk factors. Smoking and air pollution have been recognized as two factors heavily augmenting the possibility of lung cancer development. Similarly to several other types of cancer, the traditional approaches of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy serve as treatment options for lung cancer. However, over the last decade, immunotherapy and target-specific drugs (e.g., Erlotinib, Gelfitinib, and Crizotinib) have been introduced to clinical practice.  Nowadays, it has been proven that the disruption of cellular processes in cancer cells such as glucose metabolism, autophagy, apoptosis, and others can have a big impact on the efficacy of the treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind those disruptions could have a great impact on clinical practice by improving our current therapeutic options or by helping the development of new therapeutic approaches. The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight the new scientific achievements related to the molecular pathways that can serve as targets for new treatments or as targets enhancing the efficacy of current treatments.

Dr. Achilleas Mitrakas
Dr. Christos Kakouratos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • lung cancer
  • current therapies
  • cancer cell metabolism
  • autophagy
  • NSCLC
  • immunotherapy
  • targeted treatments

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 973 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Hypofractionated Re-Irradiation with Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy for Locoregionally Recurrent (after Radical Chemo-Radiotherapy) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
by Konstantinos Filippatos, Ioannis M. Koukourakis, Stavros Anevlavis, Axiotis Giaktzidis and Michael I. Koukourakis
Cancers 2023, 15(20), 5083; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15205083 - 20 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 992
Abstract
Large fractions of radiotherapy of 8 Gy (ultra-hypofractionated RT, ultra-hypoRT) promote anti-tumor immune responses that have been clinically substantiated in combination trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In the current study, we postulated that ultra-hypoRT in combination with ICIs may enhance tumor clearance [...] Read more.
Large fractions of radiotherapy of 8 Gy (ultra-hypofractionated RT, ultra-hypoRT) promote anti-tumor immune responses that have been clinically substantiated in combination trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In the current study, we postulated that ultra-hypoRT in combination with ICIs may enhance tumor clearance in NSCLC patients with locoregional relapse after radical chemo-RT. Between 2019 and 2021, eleven patients received re-irradiation with one or two fractions of 8 Gy concurrently with anti-PD1 immunotherapy (nivolumab or pembrolizumab). RT-related toxicities were negligible, while immune-related adverse events enforced immunotherapy interruption in 36% of patients. The overall response rate was 81.8%. Tumor reduction between 80 and 100% was noted in 63.5% of patients. Within a median follow-up of 22 months, the locoregional relapse-free rate was 54.5%, while the projected 2-year disease-specific overall survival was 62%. The results were independent of PD-L1 status. The current report provides encouraging evidence that a relatively low biological dose of RT delivered with 8 Gy fractions is feasible and can be safely combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Despite the low number of patients, the significant tumor regression achieved and the long-lasting locoregional control and overall progression-free intervals provide a basis to pursue immuno-RT trials with U-hypoRT schemes in this group of NSCLC patients of poor prognosis. Full article
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