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2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer
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2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2024 | Viewed by 5647

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Dana Hartl

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Département Anesthésie Chirurgie et Interventionnel, Gustave Roussy, 112 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif, France
Interests: thyroid cancer; therapy; surgery; overtreatment; risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This collection is the second edition of the previous Special Issue on “Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer”: 
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/advances_thyroid_cancer.

The thyroid gland can harbor one of the most indolent of human cancers, micropapillary carcinoma, but also give rise to one of the most aggressive and lethal of human cancers, anaplastic carcinoma, with a rainbow of cancers of varying histologies and prognoses in between. Advances have been made in recent years on both sides of the spectrum, from “less is more” active surveillance for small papillary carcinomas to personalized molecular-based targeted therapies for metastatic disease and anaplastic carcinoma. With improved knowledge of molecular pathways, redifferentiation to induce radioactive iodine uptake in refractory tumors is also now a reality. New surgical and minimally invasive techniques are now applied both for primary surgery and for effectively treating oligometastatic disease.

This Special Issue on “2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer” will cover recent progress in treatment of the lowest-risk to the highest-risk cancers and provide insight for future therapies and clinical trials.

Dr. Dana Hartl
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid cancer
  • thyroid carcinoma
  • therapies
  • kinase inhibitors
  • clinical trials
  • active surveillance

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1152 KiB  
Article
Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Identification Using Autofluorescence Imaging in Thyroid Cancer Surgery with Central Neck Dissection: Impact on Post-Operative Hypocalcemia
by Joanne Guerlain, Ingrid Breuskin, Muriel Abbaci, Livia Lamartina, Julien Hadoux, Eric Baudin, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Sophie Moog, Alix Marhic, Adrien Villard, Rais Obongo and Dana M. Hartl
Cancers 2024, 16(1), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16010182 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 674
Abstract
Hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication in thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative parathyroid gland identification, using autofluorescence imaging, on the rate of post-operative (PO) hypoparathyroidism in thyroid cancer surgery. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with [...] Read more.
Hypoparathyroidism is the most frequent complication in thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative parathyroid gland identification, using autofluorescence imaging, on the rate of post-operative (PO) hypoparathyroidism in thyroid cancer surgery. Patients undergoing total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection from 2018 to 2022 were included. A prospective cohort of 77 patients operated on using near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF+) with the Fluobeam® (Fluoptics, Grenoble, France) system was compared to a retrospective cohort of 94 patients (NIR−). The main outcomes were the rate of PO hypocalcemia, with three cutoffs: corrected calcium (Cac) < 2.10 mmol/L, <2.00 mmol/L and <1.875 mmol/L, and the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism, at 12 months. The rate of PO Cac < 2.10 mmol/L was statistically lower in the NIRAF+ group, compared to the control group (36% and 60%, p = 0.003, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed for the other two thresholds. There was a lower rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism in the NIRAF+ group (5% vs. 14% in the control group), although not statistically significant (p = 0.07). NIRAF is a surgically non-invasive adjunct, and can improve patients’ outcomes for thyroid cancer surgery by reducing post-operative temporary hypoparathyroidism. Larger prospective studies are warranted to validate our findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer)
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9 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Bilaterality as a Risk Factor for Recurrence in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
by Hyeji Kim and Hyungju Kwon
Cancers 2023, 15(22), 5414; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225414 - 14 Nov 2023
Viewed by 640
Abstract
Previous studies suggested that the multifocality of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) would increase the risk of recurrence; however, the impact of its bilaterality remains unclear. Between 2011 and 2018, 1258 patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy at Ewha University Medical Center. The 5-year [...] Read more.
Previous studies suggested that the multifocality of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) would increase the risk of recurrence; however, the impact of its bilaterality remains unclear. Between 2011 and 2018, 1258 patients with PTC underwent total thyroidectomy at Ewha University Medical Center. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate was 95.7% in patients with bilateral PTC, while those with unilateral multifocal PTC and a unifocal tumor showed a 5-year event-free survival rate of 97.0% and 97.8%, respectively (p = 0.004). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model indicated that bilaterality (HR 2.550, 95% CI 1.354–4.800), male sex (HR 2.010, 95% CI 1.007–4.013), and tumor size (HR 1.748, 95% CI 1.316–2.323) were associated with recurrence, although unilateral multifocality did not increase the risk of recurrence (HR 1.211, 95% CI 0.348–4.213). In conclusion, bilaterality was associated with aggressive features, including tumor size and microscopic ETE. Moreover, bilaterality was an independent predictor of recurrence in patients with PTC. Patients with bilateral PTC might require careful treatment and follow-up approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer)
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9 pages, 1129 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Empirical Radioiodine Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Elevated Serum Thyroglobulin without Evidence of Structural Disease: A Propensity Score Analysis
by Leandra Piscopo, Emilia Zampella, Fabio Volpe, Valeria Gaudieri, Carmela Nappi, Paolo Cutillo, Federica Volpicelli, Maria Falzarano, Leonardo Pace, Alberto Cuocolo and Michele Klain
Cancers 2023, 15(16), 4196; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164196 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1022
Abstract
We assessed the outcome of administration of empiric radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy to patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), in a propensity-score-matched cohort of patients with biochemical incomplete response (BIR) and without evidence of structural disease. We retrospectively evaluated 820 DTC patients without [...] Read more.
We assessed the outcome of administration of empiric radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy to patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), in a propensity-score-matched cohort of patients with biochemical incomplete response (BIR) and without evidence of structural disease. We retrospectively evaluated 820 DTC patients without distant metastases, who underwent total thyroidectomy followed by RAI therapy, with available BIR at 12 months and follow-up evaluations. The patients were categorized according to the administration of empiric therapy (ET). To account for differences between patients with (n = 119) and without (n = 701) ET, a propensity-score-matched cohort of 119 ET and 119 no-ET patients was created. The need for additional therapy and the occurrence of structural disease were considered as end-points. During a median follow-up of 53 months (range 3–285), 57 events occurred (24% cumulative event rate). The rate of events was significantly higher in the no-ET compared to the ET patients (30% vs. 18% p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox analysis identified age (p < 0.01), pre-therapy Tg (p < 0.05) and empiric RAI therapy (p < 0.01) as predictors of outcome. The Kaplan–Meier analysis found that progression-free survival was lower in no-ET patients compared to the ET group (p < 0.01). In patients with DTC treated with surgery and RAI, and with biochemical incomplete response at the 12-month evaluation, their prognosis seemed to be affected by Tg values and the empiric treatment. The identification of candidates for this approach may improve prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer)
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11 pages, 1078 KiB  
Article
Lymph Node Ratio Predicts Recurrence in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Low Lymph Node Yield
by Il Ku Kang, Joonseon Park, Ja Seong Bae, Jeong Soo Kim and Kwangsoon Kim
Cancers 2023, 15(11), 2947; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15112947 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 1033
Abstract
The American Thyroid Association risk stratification system suggests that having >5 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) increase the recurrence risk in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, little is known about PTC with <5 harvested LNs. This study aimed to stratify patients with [...] Read more.
The American Thyroid Association risk stratification system suggests that having >5 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) increase the recurrence risk in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, little is known about PTC with <5 harvested LNs. This study aimed to stratify patients with low-LN-yield (low-LNY) PTC based on lymph node ratios (LNRs). From 2007 to 2017, 6317 patients who underwent thyroidectomies were diagnosed with PTC at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, and 909 patients with low LNYs were included in the study. Tumor recurrence was compared based on LNR. The LNR cutoff was determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Forty-six patients (5.1%) experienced recurrences over a mean follow-up period of 127.24 ± 33.6 months (range, 5–190 months). The cutoff for the low-LNR (n = 675) and high-LNR (n = 234) groups was 0.29 (AUC = 0.676, 95% CI = 0.591–0.761, p < 0.001). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the high-LNR group compared to the rate in the low-LNR group (12.4% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis using Cox regression revealed that tumor size and LNR ≥ 0.29 were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Therefore, LNR can be utilized to stratify the risk of recurrence in patients with low-LNY PTC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer)
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Review

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19 pages, 7246 KiB  
Review
Neck Surgery for Non-Well Differentiated Thyroid Malignancies: Variations in Strategy According to Histopathology
by Fernando López, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Mark Zafereo, Vincent Vander Poorten, K. Thomas Robbins, Marc Hamoir, Iain J. Nixon, Ralph P. Tufano, Gregory Randolph, Pia Pace-Asciak, Peter Angelos, Andrés Coca-Pelaz, Avi Khafif, Ohad Ronen, Juan Pablo Rodrigo, Álvaro Sanabria, Carsten E. Palme, Antti A. Mäkitie, Luiz P. Kowalski, Alessandra Rinaldo and Alfio Ferlitoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2023, 15(4), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15041255 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
Lymph node metastases in non-well differentiated thyroid cancer (non-WDTC) are common, both in the central compartment (levels VI and VII) and in the lateral neck (Levels II to V). Nodal metastases negatively affect prognosis and should be treated to maximize locoregional control while [...] Read more.
Lymph node metastases in non-well differentiated thyroid cancer (non-WDTC) are common, both in the central compartment (levels VI and VII) and in the lateral neck (Levels II to V). Nodal metastases negatively affect prognosis and should be treated to maximize locoregional control while minimizing morbidity. In non-WDTC, the rate of nodal involvement is variable and depends on the histology of the tumor. For medullary thyroid carcinomas, poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, the high frequency of lymph node metastases makes central compartment dissection generally necessary. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, sarcomas, and malignant thyroid teratomas or thyroblastomas, central compartment dissection is less often necessary, as clinical lymphnode involvement is less common. We aim to summarize the medical literature and the opinions of several experts from different parts of the world on the current philosophy for managing the neck in less common types of thyroid cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Advances in the Management of Thyroid Cancer)
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