The Response of Prostate Cancers to Androgen Deprivation Therapies

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 2 August 2024 | Viewed by 3196

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Buffalo State College, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
Interests: prostate cancer; tumor immune microenvironment; androgen deprivation; immunogenomics; cell signaling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Most human prostate cancers are curable by surgery or radiation therapy, or are so slow-growing and occur so late in life that the cancer does not affect lifespan. However, 10–20% of cases progress or recur following curative therapies. Thus, given the very high incidence of this cancer, upwards of 30,000 men die of prostate cancer each year. The mainstay therapy for recurrent or progressing prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which has been in use for almost 80 years. ADT is apparently effective because nearly all prostate cancers are initiated by genetic events that ‘reprogram’ the androgen receptor cistrome, leading to the transcription of gene sets that drive the de-differentiation of prostate epithelial cells, enabling oncogenic transformation. Despite the effectiveness of ADT, this therapy is not curative, and those tumors which can evade ADT are eventually lethal, accounting for the majority of prostate cancer deaths. Thus, there is a need to: i) understand the mechanism of tumor death and recurrence following ADT; ii) identify curative therapies that synergize with or replace ADT; and iii) define the biology of ADT-resistant tumors as a first step to finding effective therapies for these lethal cancers. In this Special Issue, we invite contributions from investigators studying all aspects of the response of prostate cancers to ADT. We are particularly interested in studies that use relevant murine models and human prostate cancer tissue samples or model systems derived from human prostate cancers and consider the response of both tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, including immune-cell populations.   

Dr. John J. Krolewski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • androgen deprivation therapy
  • therapy resistance
  • tumor microenvironment
  • ADT

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

15 pages, 2641 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Resistance Models and Treatment Sequencing in Advanced Prostate Cancer
by Zachary A. Schaaf, Shu Ning, Amy R. Leslie, Masuda Sharifi, Xianrui Han, Cameron Armstrong, Wei Lou, Alan P. Lombard, Chengfei Liu and Allen C. Gao
Cancers 2023, 15(21), 5273; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15215273 - 03 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1107
Abstract
Current common treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) typically belong to one of three major categories: next-generation anti-androgen therapies (NGAT) including enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate, apalutamide, and darolutamide; taxane therapy represented by docetaxel; and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) like olaparib. Although these treatments have shown [...] Read more.
Current common treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) typically belong to one of three major categories: next-generation anti-androgen therapies (NGAT) including enzalutamide, abiraterone acetate, apalutamide, and darolutamide; taxane therapy represented by docetaxel; and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) like olaparib. Although these treatments have shown efficacy and have improved outcomes for many patients, some do not survive due to the emergence of therapeutic resistance. The clinical landscape is further complicated by limited knowledge about how the sequence of treatments impacts the development of therapeutic cross-resistance in CRPC. We have developed multiple CRPC models of acquired therapeutic resistance cell sublines from C4-2B cells. These include C4-2B MDVR, C4-2B AbiR, C4-2B ApaR, C4-2B DaroR, TaxR, and 2B-olapR, which are resistant to enzalutamide, abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide, docetaxel, and olaparib, respectively. These models are instrumental for analyzing gene expression and assessing responses to various treatments. Our findings reveal distinct cross-resistance characteristics among NGAT-resistant cell sublines. Specifically, resistance to enzalutamide induces resistance to abiraterone and vice versa, while maintaining sensitivity to taxanes and olaparib. Conversely, cells with acquired resistance to docetaxel exhibit cross-resistance to both cabazitaxel and olaparib but retain sensitivity to NGATs like enzalutamide and abiraterone. OlapR cells, significantly resistant to olaparib compared to parental cells, are still responsive to NGATs and docetaxel. Moreover, OlapR models display cross-resistance to other clinically relevant PARP inhibitors, including rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib. RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed a complex network of altered gene expressions that influence signaling pathways, energy metabolism, and apoptotic signaling, pivotal to cancer’s evolution and progression. The data indicate that resistance mechanisms are distinct among different drug classes. Notably, NGAT-resistant sublines exhibited a significant downregulation of androgen-regulated genes, contrasting to the stable expression noted in olaparib and docetaxel-resistant sublines. These results may have clinical implications by showing that treatments of one class can be sequenced with those from another class, but caution should be taken when sequencing drugs of the same class. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response of Prostate Cancers to Androgen Deprivation Therapies)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3147 KiB  
Article
TNF Signaling Is Required for Castration-Induced Vascular Damage Preceding Prostate Cancer Regression
by John J. Krolewski, Shalini Singh, Kai Sha, Neha Jaiswal, Steven G. Turowski, Chunliu Pan, Laurie J. Rich, Mukund Seshadri and Kent L. Nastiuk
Cancers 2022, 14(24), 6020; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246020 - 07 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1644
Abstract
The mainstay treatment for locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT causes prostate cancers to shrink in volume, or regress, by inducing epithelial tumor cell apoptosis. In normal, non-neoplastic murine prostate, androgen deprivation via castration induces [...] Read more.
The mainstay treatment for locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic prostate cancer (PrCa) is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). ADT causes prostate cancers to shrink in volume, or regress, by inducing epithelial tumor cell apoptosis. In normal, non-neoplastic murine prostate, androgen deprivation via castration induces prostate gland regression that is dependent on TNF signaling. In addition to this direct mechanism of action, castration has also been implicated in an indirect mechanism of prostate epithelial cell death, which has been described as vascular regression. The initiating event is endothelial cell apoptosis and/or increased vascular permeability. This subsequently leads to reduced blood flow and perfusion, and then hypoxia, which may enhance epithelial cell apoptosis. Castration-induced vascular regression has been observed in both normal and neoplastic prostates. We used photoacoustic, power Doppler, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging, and CD31 immunohistochemical staining of the microvasculature to assess vascular integrity in the period immediately following castration, enabling us to test the role of TNF signaling in vascular regression. In two mouse models of androgen-responsive prostate cancer, TNF signaling blockade using a soluble TNFR2 ligand trap reversed the functional aspects of vascular regression as well as structural changes in the microvasculature, including reduced vessel wall thickness, cross-sectional area, and vessel perimeter length. These results demonstrate that TNF signaling is required for vascular regression, most likely by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis and increasing vessel permeability. Since TNF is also the critical death receptor ligand for prostate epithelial cells, we propose that TNF is a multi-purpose, comprehensive signal within the prostate cancer microenvironment that mediates prostate cancer regression following androgen deprivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response of Prostate Cancers to Androgen Deprivation Therapies)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop