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Buildings
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Research on Building Materials for Structural Characterization and Applications
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Research on Building Materials for Structural Characterization and Applications

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 4202

Special Issue Editors

Dr. A. B. M. Saiful Islam

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Civil & Construction Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia
Interests: building materials; green concrete; fibre reinforced concrete; ultra-high-performance concrete; lightweight concrete; structural retrofitting; nonlinear dynamics; seismic protection; strengthening of RC structures
Dr. Akter Hosen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
Interests: sustainable concrete; fibre reinforced concrete; ultra-high-performance concrete; strengthening of RC and steel structures; bamboo structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Around ten billion metric tons of concrete using largely ordinary Portland cement (OPC) are manufactured worldwide annually. For each ton of used OPC, approximately one ton of CO2 is produced. CO2 emissions are related to the energy consumption of raw materials and external heat used during production. Current production rates of OPC factories are responsible for 7% of the total CO2 emissions worldwide. Reduction of the carbon footprint and energy consumptions due to manufacturing of Portland cement is a burning need these days. The unexpected amount of cement and CO2 emissions have elevated global awareness and prompted scientists to develop alternative sustainable concrete, which ensures the eco-friendly construction industry for future generations. Therefore, it is essential to study on the characterization and application of new building materials for a greener environment and sustainable construction of building structures in the escalating demand of infrastructure development globally.

This Special Issue is dedicated, but not limited, to current research on experimental, theoretical, computational and relevant research works on building materials in the design and construction of engineering structures, including the following: developing new materials; innovating sustainable construction materials; characterisation of materials; application of waste materials; application of hazardous materials; analyzing and simulating building structures; quality assessment of engineering structures under expected loading; modelling and applications of new construction materials for structural engineering; design methodologies of innovative structural components and systems; advanced testing and modelling technologies; maintenance, repair and retrofit of existing buildings; vulnerability, risk and reliability assessment of building structures under earthquakes, winds, fires and tsunami; and advanced methods for the evaluation and design of resistance and resilience of structural systems incorporating sustainable materials.

Dr. A. B. M. Saiful Islam
Dr. Akter Hosen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4293 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nano-Clay Dispersion on Pore Structure and Distribution of Hardened Cement Paste
by Hongjuan Wu, Chengqin Chen, Wei Zhang, Rui Wang and Wengang Zhang
Buildings 2023, 13(11), 2753; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13112753 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 619
Abstract
Nano-clay has the potential to improve the properties of cement-based materials. However, the effectiveness of this improvement is influenced by the dispersion of the nano-clay. The effects of different nano-clay dispersion techniques on cement-based material properties and pore structure complexity were studied. The [...] Read more.
Nano-clay has the potential to improve the properties of cement-based materials. However, the effectiveness of this improvement is influenced by the dispersion of the nano-clay. The effects of different nano-clay dispersion techniques on cement-based material properties and pore structure complexity were studied. The samples were prepared using manual and mechanical dispersion methods. The mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated, and the pore characteristics of the cement-based materials were analysed using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The study investigated the effect of the dispersion method on the nano-clay dispersion. The complexity of the pore structure was evaluated using a fractal model, and the relationship between the fractal dimension, mechanical properties, and pore structure was analysed. The findings indicate that mechanical dispersion results in better dispersion than manual dispersion, and the mechanical properties of mechanical dispersion are superior to those of manual dispersion. Nano-clay particles can improve the internal pore structure of cement materials. Through mathematical calculation, the surface fractal dimension is between 2.90 and 2.95, with good fractal characteristics. There is a good correlation between the surface fractal dimension and the mechanical properties. The addition of nano-clay can reduce the complexity of the pore structure, and the fractal dimension has an excellent linear relationship with the pore structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Building Materials for Structural Characterization and Applications)
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21 pages, 7222 KiB  
Article
Symbolic Regression Model for Predicting Compression Strength of Prismatic Masonry Columns Confined by FRP
by Khalid Saqer Alotaibi and A. B. M. Saiful Islam
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 509; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020509 - 13 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1757
Abstract
The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials for the external confinement of existing concrete or masonry members is now an established technical solution. Several studies in the scientific literature show how FRP wrapping can improve the mechanical properties of members. Though there [...] Read more.
The use of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials for the external confinement of existing concrete or masonry members is now an established technical solution. Several studies in the scientific literature show how FRP wrapping can improve the mechanical properties of members. Though there are numerous methods for determining the compressive strength of FRP confined concrete, no generalized formulae are available because of the greater complexity and heterogeneity of FRP-confined masonry. There are two main objectives in this analytical study: (a) proposing an entirely new mathematical expression to estimate the compressive strength of FRP confined masonry columns using symbolic regression model approach which can outperform traditional regression models, and (b) evaluating existing formulas. Over 198 tests of FRP wrapped masonry were compiled in a database and used to train the model. Several formulations from the published literature and international guidelines have been compared against experimental data. It is observed that the proposed symbolic regression model shows excellent performance compared to the existing models. The model is easier, has no restriction and thereby it can be feasibly employed to foresee the behavior of FRP confined masonry elements. The coefficient of determination for the proposed symbolic regression model is determined as 0.91. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Building Materials for Structural Characterization and Applications)
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14 pages, 3244 KiB  
Article
Improving the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mixtures Using Waste Products and Microwave Heating Energy
by Shakir Al-Busaltan, Anmar Dulaimi, Hassan Al-Nageim, Shaker Mahmood, Mustafa Amoori Kadhim, Muna Al-Kafaji and Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020414 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1288
Abstract
Scientists have effectively demonstrated that the introduction of a waste product comprising cementitious chemical compositions can enhance the mechanical properties and durability of cold bitumen emulsion mixes (CBEMs). On the other hand, the high air void content of the CBEM mix remains a [...] Read more.
Scientists have effectively demonstrated that the introduction of a waste product comprising cementitious chemical compositions can enhance the mechanical properties and durability of cold bitumen emulsion mixes (CBEMs). On the other hand, the high air void content of the CBEM mix remains a challenge that is considered unsatisfactory by paving engineers. As a result, this investigation highlights two major changes that were made. The first is the use of waste paper sludge ash (PSA) as a filler in CBEM instead of the conventional mineral filler (CMF). The second change was made to further improve the mixture by reducing the amount of CBEM air voids using microwave (MW) heating energy as a post-treatment method. When compared to typical hot mix asphalt (HMA), the new CBEMs showed great mechanical properties and durability. Moreover, the proposed method, using CBEMs, has lower environmental risks, is safer, and is more cost-effective than existing paving mix technologies. This study presents a method for controlling air voids within pavement specifications without affecting mechanical behaviour or generating additional environmental or economic considerations. When compared to typical mixtures, laboratory test results showed that MW-heating can enhance both the stiffness modulus and the air void content. Furthermore, these results revealed a minor reduction in creep stiffness and water sensitivity. Nevertheless, in terms of mechanical, volumetric, and economic properties, the suggested post-mix treatment was comparable to HMA. The findings point to the need to adopt CBEM post-heating approaches, particularly the MW treatment procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Building Materials for Structural Characterization and Applications)
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