Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological and Bio- Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2021) | Viewed by 10475

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Nano-Bio Regenerative Medical Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
2. Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-704, Korea
Interests: biomaterials; silk fibroin; Bio 3D printing, organ on a chip; micrpfludics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Silk fibroin (SF) of silkworms has been used as clothing material for centuries and simple suture material in the biomedical field for decades. Recently, SF has been widely studied as a potential biomaterial in the biomedical and engineering fields, as it can be reconstituted in various functional forms, such as hydrogels, membranes, and nano/microporous scaffolds through physical and chemical processes. The unique structural assembly of this protein offers extraordinary mechanical properties in comparison to other commonly-used polymer-based biomaterials. Thus, SF is increasingly being developed for its versatile uses in the biomedical fields, including bone, tendon, ligament, cartilage, dermal substitute, nerve, cornea, tympanic membrane, dental, artificial kidney, and bladder drug delivery. As a new direction or way for SF applications, it is being developed for electronics, photonics, MEMS, and microfluidics in the engineering field. In the recent past, 3D bioprinting with SF-based materials has emerged as a fast-growing trend in tissue engineering for patient-specific organ regenerations. Therefore, this themed issue on “Preparation and Applications of Silk Fibroin” focuses on advanced methods of silk fibroin preparation and their widespread use in both biomedical and engineering fields.  

In this perspective, we would like to welcome any original research articles, notably contributing to the innovative preparation method of SF-based materials and their diverse application in the biomedical and biotechnological fields. We would also like to invite review articles from global experts working in this area, particularly on the preparation methods and latest technological advances on the use of SF.

Dr. Chan Hum Park
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • structure and composition of silk fibroin
  • silk-fibroin-based materials
  • Bio-3D printing
  • biomedical and bioengineering application
  • new uses for silks (optical and electronic materials etc)
  • silk-fibroin-based organoid
  • silk-fibroin-based microfluidic chip

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1777 KiB  
Article
Effects of Ultraviolet Light Irradiation on Silk Fibroin Films Prepared under Different Conditions
by Sora Lee, Soo Hyun Kim, You-Young Jo, Wan-Taek Ju, Hyun-Bok Kim and HaeYong Kweon
Biomolecules 2021, 11(1), 70; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010070 - 07 Jan 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2445
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF)-based materials are exposed to both natural and artificial ultraviolet (UV) light during preparation or administration. However, the effects of UV irradiation on SF films prepared under different conditions have not yet been described in detail. In this study, four SF [...] Read more.
Silk fibroin (SF)-based materials are exposed to both natural and artificial ultraviolet (UV) light during preparation or administration. However, the effects of UV irradiation on SF films prepared under different conditions have not yet been described in detail. In this study, four SF films with different molecular weight (MW) distribution were fabricated using SF solutions, which were prepared by dissolving degummed SF for 0.5–24 h. We observed UV (365 nm) irradiation on SF films induced the increase of yellowness and absorbance at 310 nm of SF films, indicating the formation of new photo-products and di-tyrosine bonds by photo-oxidation. Due to di-tyrosine cross-links between SF chains, UV-irradiated SF films were not fully dissociated in urea solution. In addition to formation of new products, UV reduced the crystallinity of SF films by breaking hydrogen bonds of β-sheet conformation. Unlike the UV-induced decomposition of physical interactions, UV did not affect the covalent bonds (i.e., peptide bonds). Through these experiments, we could expect that SF with higher MW was more susceptible and SF with lower MW was more resistant to UV-induced photo-oxidation and photo-degradation. These results provide useful information about UV-induced aging of SF-based materials under natural sunlight and UV irradiating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin)
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18 pages, 6408 KiB  
Article
Cytocompatibility of Modified Silk Fibroin with Glycidyl Methacrylate for Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Applications
by Heesun Hong, Ok Joo Lee, Young Jin Lee, Ji Seung Lee, Olatunji Ajiteru, Hanna Lee, Ye Ji Suh, Md Tipu Sultan, Soon Hee Kim and Chan Hum Park
Biomolecules 2021, 11(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010035 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4130
Abstract
Hydrogel with chemical modification has been used for 3D printing in the biomedical field of cell and tissue-based regeneration because it provides a good cellular microenvironment and mechanical supportive ability. As a scaffold and a matrix, hydrogel itself has to be modified chemically [...] Read more.
Hydrogel with chemical modification has been used for 3D printing in the biomedical field of cell and tissue-based regeneration because it provides a good cellular microenvironment and mechanical supportive ability. As a scaffold and a matrix, hydrogel itself has to be modified chemically and physically to form a β-sheet crosslinking structure for the strength of the biomaterials. These chemical modifications could affect the biological damage done to encapsulated cells or surrounding tissues due to unreacted chemical residues. Biological assessment, including assessment of the cytocompatibility of hydrogel in clinical trials, must involve testing with cytotoxicity, irritation, and sensitization. Here, we modified silk fibroin and glycidyl methacrylate (Silk-GMA) and evaluated the physical characterizations, residual chemical detection, and the biological effect of residual GMA depending on dialysis periods. Silk-GMA depending on each dialysis period had a typical β-sheet structure in the characterization analysis and residual GMA decreased from dialysis day 1. Moreover, cell proliferation and viability rate gradually increased; additionally, necrotic and apoptotic cells decreased from dialysis day 2. These results indicate that the dialysis periods during chemical modification of natural polymer are important for removing unreacted chemical residues and for the potential application of the manufacturing standardization for chemically modified hydrogel for the clinical transplantation for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin)
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17 pages, 3022 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Injectable Betamethasone-Loaded Tyramine-Modified Gellan Gum/Silk Fibroin Hydrogels
by Isabel Matos Oliveira, Cristiana Gonçalves, Myeong Eun Shin, Sumi Lee, Rui Luis Reis, Gilson Khang and Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
Biomolecules 2020, 10(10), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101456 - 17 Oct 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3277
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a rheumatic disease for which a healing treatment does not presently exist. Silk fibroin has been extensively studied for use in drug delivery systems due to its uniqueness, versatility and strong clinical track record in medicine. However, in general, natural [...] Read more.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a rheumatic disease for which a healing treatment does not presently exist. Silk fibroin has been extensively studied for use in drug delivery systems due to its uniqueness, versatility and strong clinical track record in medicine. However, in general, natural polymeric materials are not mechanically stable enough, and have high rates of biodegradation. Thus, synthetic materials such as gellan gum can be used to produce composite structures with biological signals to promote tissue-specific interactions while providing the desired mechanical properties. In this work, we aimed to produce hydrogels of tyramine-modified gellan gum with silk fibroin (Ty–GG/SF) via horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with encapsulated betamethasone, to improve the biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and further increase therapeutic efficacy to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The Ty–GG/SF hydrogels presented a β-sheet secondary structure, with gelation time around 2–5 min, good resistance to enzymatic degradation, a suitable injectability profile, viscoelastic capacity with a significant solid component and a betamethasone-controlled release profile over time. In vitro studies showed that Ty–GG/SF hydrogels did not produce a deleterious effect on cellular metabolic activity, morphology or proliferation. Furthermore, Ty–GG/SF hydrogels with encapsulated betamethasone revealed greater therapeutic efficacy than the drug applied alone. Therefore, this strategy can provide an improvement in therapeutic efficacy when compared to the traditional use of drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Silk Fibroin)
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