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Biomolecules
Special Issues
The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
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The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomacromolecules: Nucleic Acids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 4590

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Peter Celec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
Interests: extracellular mitochondrial DNA; endogenous and exogenous deoxyribonuclease; trauma-induced immunomodulation; neutrophil extracellular traps; the role of neutrophil activation in rheumatoid arthritis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have both antimicrobial and proinflammatory properties—they kill microorganisms and stimulate the immune cells. These effects might be beneficial or harmful for the organism depending on context. In sterile inflammation, NETs represent a therapeutic target, but any intervention will likely affect the antimicrobial defence. Both the production and cleavage of NETs are of importance in physiology, but also in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, lung diseases and kidney/liver injury.

The mechanisms of the regulation of NET production, the true physiological inducers of NETs, and the details of the degradation of NETs are unclear. While the composition of NETs has been described, it is variable, and this likely has consequences on their proinflammatory effects. Similarly, it is not known which neutrophils undergo NETosis, and under which conditions. The dynamics of NET production and their efficiency on the tissue or organism level are also understudied. Most importantly, patients suffering from diseases associated with NET production should benefit from the knowledge gained since the discovery of NETs.

This Special Issue welcomes reviews and original articles about NETs, including their physiology, as well as their involvement in disease pathogenesis. Of special interest are manuscripts describing preclinical experiments and clinical studies with NETs as a diagnostic/prognostic and therapeutic target.

Dr. Peter Celec
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neutrophils
  • extracellular DNA
  • deoxyribonucleases

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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16 pages, 1405 KiB  
Review
COVID-19 Pathology Sheds Further Light on Balance between Neutrophil Proteases and Their Inhibitors
by Vasuki Silva and Marko Radic
Biomolecules 2023, 13(1), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13010082 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2375
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil influx and activation in lungs during infections, such as manifest during the ongoing SARS CoV-2 pandemic, have brought neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the concomitant release of granule contents that damage surrounding tissues into sharp focus. Neutrophil proteases, which are known [...] Read more.
Excessive neutrophil influx and activation in lungs during infections, such as manifest during the ongoing SARS CoV-2 pandemic, have brought neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the concomitant release of granule contents that damage surrounding tissues into sharp focus. Neutrophil proteases, which are known to participate in NET release, also enable the binding of the viral spike protein to cellular receptors and assist in the spread of infection. Blood and tissue fluids normally also contain liver-derived protease inhibitors that balance the activity of proteases. Interestingly, neutrophils themselves also express the protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), the product of the SERPINA-1 gene, and store it in neutrophil cytoplasmic granules. The absence of AAT or mutations in the SERPINA-1 gene promotes lung remodeling and fibrosis in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and increases the risk of allergic responses. Recent observations point to the fact that reduced activity of AAT presents a major susceptibility factor for severe COVID-19. Here, we focus attention on the mechanism of neutrophil elastase (NE) in NET release and its inhibition by AAT as an additional factor that may determine the severity of COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps)
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11 pages, 1330 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Relevance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Polytrauma
by Emily Rogers, Shevani Pothugunta, Veronika Kosmider, Natasha Stokes, Layla Bonomini, Gabrielle D. Briggs, Daniel P. Lewis and Zsolt J. Balogh
Biomolecules 2023, 13(11), 1625; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13111625 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1355
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients’ sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential [...] Read more.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent a recently discovered polymorphonuclear leukocyte-associated ancient defence mechanism, and they have also been identified as part of polytrauma patients’ sterile inflammatory response. This systematic review aimed to determine the clinical significance of NETs in polytrauma, focusing on potential prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance. The methodology covered all major databases and all study types, but was restricted to polytraumatised humans. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 1967 patients. Ten samples were taken from plasma and four from whole blood. There was no standardisation of methodology of NET detection among plasma studies; however, of all the papers that included a healthy control NET, proxies were increased. Polytrauma patients were consistently reported to have higher concentrations of NET markers in peripheral blood than those in healthy controls, but their diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic utility is equivocal due to the diverse study population and methodology. After 20 years since the discovery of NETs, their natural history and potential clinical utility in polytrauma is undetermined, requiring further standardisation and research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Physiology and Pathophysiology of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps)
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