Algorithms for PID Controller 2023

A special issue of Algorithms (ISSN 1999-4893). This special issue belongs to the section "Algorithms for Multidisciplinary Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 4969

Special Issue Editors


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Institute of Engineering of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
Interests: control; simulation; optimization; fractional calculus; evolutionary algorithms; artificial intelligence
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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-911 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: control engineering; evolutionary and nature inspired algorithms for single and multiple objective optimization problem solving
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To date, the PID controller is still the most commonly used algorithm for control applications. Since its first development, the PID algorithm has gone hand in hand with the evolution of science and engineering, and new methods and applications have been introduced over time. Advances in recent decades, provided by the area of fractional calculus and metaheuristic algorithms, and, more recently, by artificial intelligence, have given rise to a refreshing boost to PID control.

This Special Issue aims to present the most recent developments in the design, tuning, and applications of PID controllers. The focus is on reporting theoretical and applied research results in control structures, optimization techniques, metaheuristic algorithms, tuning methods, digital implementations, and applications of the PID algorithm, among others, and the use of current artificial intelligence techniques, such as machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning.

Prof. Dr. Ramiro Barbosa
Dr. Paulo Moura Oliveira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • fractional-order PID controller
  • fuzzy PID controller
  • neural PID controller
  • fuzzy logic
  • fractional-order control
  • predictive control
  • optimization
  • neural networks
  • metaheuristic algorithms
  • neural-fuzzy algorithms
  • evolutionary algorithms
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • digital implementation
  • reinforcement learning
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (3 papers)

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24 pages, 8519 KiB  
Article
Fractional-Order Fuzzy PID Controller with Evolutionary Computation for an Effective Synchronized Gantry System
by Wei-Lung Mao, Sung-Hua Chen and Chun-Yu Kao
Algorithms 2024, 17(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/a17020058 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1141
Abstract
Gantry-type dual-axis platforms can be used to move heavy loads or perform precision CNC work. Such gantry systems drive a single axis with two linear motors, and under heavy loads, a high driving force is required. This can generate a pulling force between [...] Read more.
Gantry-type dual-axis platforms can be used to move heavy loads or perform precision CNC work. Such gantry systems drive a single axis with two linear motors, and under heavy loads, a high driving force is required. This can generate a pulling force between the drive shafts in the coupling mechanism. In these situations, when a synchronization error becomes too large, mechanisms can become deformed or damaged, leading to damaged equipment, or in industrial settings, an additional power consumption. Effectively and accurately acquiring the synchronized movement of the platform is important to reduce energy consumption and optimize the system. In this study, a fractional-order fuzzy PID controller (FOFPID) using Oustaloup’s recursive filter is used to control a synchronous X–Y gantry-type platform. The optimized controller parameters are obtained by the measurement of control errors in a simulated environment. Four optimization methods are tested and compared: particle swarm optimization, invasive weed optimization, a gray wolf optimizer, and biogeography-based optimization. The systems were tested and compared in order to optimize the control parameters. Each of the four algorithms is simulated on four contour shapes: a circle, bow, heart, and star. The simulations and control scheme of the experiments are implemented using MATLAB, and the reference paths were planned using non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). After running the simulations to determine the optimal control parameters, each set of acquired control parameters is also tested and compared in the experiments and the results are recorded. Both the simulations and experiments show good results, and the tracking of the X–Y platform showed improved performance. Two performance indices are used to determine and validate the relative performance of the models and results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithms for PID Controller 2023)
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17 pages, 4102 KiB  
Article
A Shadowed Type-2 Fuzzy Approach for Crossover Parameter Adaptation in Differential Evolution
by Patricia Ochoa, Cinthia Peraza, Oscar Castillo and Zong Woo Geem
Algorithms 2023, 16(6), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/a16060279 - 31 May 2023
Viewed by 1453
Abstract
The shadowed type-2 fuzzy systems are used more frequently today as they provide an alternative to classical fuzzy logic. The primary purpose of fuzzy logic is to simulate reasoning in a computer. This work aims to use shadowed type-2 fuzzy systems (ST2-FS) to [...] Read more.
The shadowed type-2 fuzzy systems are used more frequently today as they provide an alternative to classical fuzzy logic. The primary purpose of fuzzy logic is to simulate reasoning in a computer. This work aims to use shadowed type-2 fuzzy systems (ST2-FS) to dynamically adapt the crossing parameter of differential evolution (DE). To test the performance of the dynamic crossing parameter, the motor position control problem was used, which contains an interval type-2 fuzzy system (IT2-FS) for controlling the motor. A comparison is made between the original DE and the algorithm using shadowed type-2 fuzzy systems (DE-ST2-FS), as well as a comparison with the results of other state-of-the-art metaheuristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithms for PID Controller 2023)
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21 pages, 5841 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Flexible Cable-Connected Payload
by Fethi Candan, Omer Faruk Dik, Tufan Kumbasar, Mahdi Mahfouf and Lyudmila Mihaylova
Algorithms 2023, 16(6), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/a16060273 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1456
Abstract
This study presents the design and real-time applications of an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy PID (IT2-FPID) control system on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a flexible cable-connected payload in comparison to the PID and Type-1 Fuzzy PID (T1-FPID) counterparts. The IT2-FPID control has [...] Read more.
This study presents the design and real-time applications of an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy PID (IT2-FPID) control system on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a flexible cable-connected payload in comparison to the PID and Type-1 Fuzzy PID (T1-FPID) counterparts. The IT2-FPID control has significant stability, disturbance rejection, and response time advantages. To prove and show these advantages, the DJI Tello, a commercial UAV, is used with a flexible cable-connected payload to test the robustness of PID, T1-FPID, and IT2-FPID controllers. First, the optimal coefficients of the compared controllers are found using the Big Bang–Big Crunch algorithm via the nonlinear UAV model without the payload. Second, once optimised, the controllers are tested using several scenarios, including disturbing the payload and the coverage path planning area to examine their robustness. Third, the controller performance results are evaluated according to reference achievement and point-based tracking under disturbances. Finally, the superiority of the IT2-FPID controller is shown via simulations and real-time experiments with a better overshoot, a faster settling time, and good properties of disturbance rejection compared with the PID and the T1-FPID controllers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algorithms for PID Controller 2023)
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