Sex-Specific Differences in Cytokine Production Capacity in Patients with Gout Compared to Controls
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Cell Preparation and Culture Conditions
2.3. Cytokine Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Patients with Gout and Healthy Controls
3.2. Sex-Specific Cytokine Production upon 24 h In Vitro Stimulation of PBMCs
3.3. Circulating Markers Are Elevated in Men with Gout
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Characteristic | n | Gout, n = 299 1 | No_Gout, n = 480 1 | p-Value 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 777 | <0.001 | ||
F (female) | 56 (19%) | 324 (68%) | ||
M (male) | 243 (81%) | 154 (32%) | ||
Unknown | 0 | 2 | ||
Age (years) | 763 | 63 (55, 69) | 63 (57, 70) | 0.3 |
Unknown | 5 | 11 | ||
Urate (mg/dL) | 762 | 7.10 (5.70, 8.69) | 6.10 (4.70, 7.60) | <0.001 |
Unknown | 7 | 10 | ||
BMI | 743 | 30.0 (26.8, 33.2) | 28.6 (26.2, 32.3) | 0.003 |
Unknown | 8 | 28 |
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Badii, M.; Gaal, O.I.; Hotea, I.; Nica, V.; Mirea, A.M.; Mărginean, D.; HINT Consortium; Pamfil, C.; Rednic, S.; Popp, R.A.; et al. Sex-Specific Differences in Cytokine Production Capacity in Patients with Gout Compared to Controls. Gout Urate Cryst. Depos. Dis. 2024, 2, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/gucdd2020012
Badii M, Gaal OI, Hotea I, Nica V, Mirea AM, Mărginean D, HINT Consortium, Pamfil C, Rednic S, Popp RA, et al. Sex-Specific Differences in Cytokine Production Capacity in Patients with Gout Compared to Controls. Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease. 2024; 2(2):133-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/gucdd2020012
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadii, Medeea, Orsolya I. Gaal, Ioana Hotea, Valentin Nica, Andreea M. Mirea, Dragoş Mărginean, HINT Consortium, Cristina Pamfil, Simona Rednic, Radu A. Popp, and et al. 2024. "Sex-Specific Differences in Cytokine Production Capacity in Patients with Gout Compared to Controls" Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease 2, no. 2: 133-143. https://doi.org/10.3390/gucdd2020012