Arthropoda

15 pages, 6113 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Species of the Shrimp Genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from the Exposed Shores of Eastern and Southern Oman

by Arthur Anker

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 473-487; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040022 - 15 Dec 2023

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Abstract

Salmoneus sultanus sp. nov. is described based on several specimens collected on the exposed shores of Masirah Island and Dhofar, Oman, a region characterised by seasonal upwellings cooling water temperature to less than 23 °C. The new species is compared with the morphologically [...] Read more.

Salmoneus sultanus sp. nov. is described based on several specimens collected on the exposed shores of Masirah Island and Dhofar, Oman, a region characterised by seasonal upwellings cooling water temperature to less than 23 °C. The new species is compared with the morphologically most similar congeners present in the north-western Indian Ocean, e.g., S. latirostris (Coutière, 1897), S. cristatus (Coutière, 1897), S. serratidigitus (Coutière, 1897), and S. chadwickae Ďuriš and Horká, 2016; the latter species is recorded for the first time from Oman. The conspicuous colour pattern of S. sultanus sp. nov. appears to be diagnostic, differing greatly from that of S. latirostris, S. cristatus, S. serratidigitus, and S. chadwickae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Level Taxonomy of Decapod Crustaceans)

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13 pages, 23670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Family Affair: Diagnosing and Delimiting Prostygnidae (Opiliones: Gonyleptoidea)

by Osvaldo Villarreal and Adriano B. Kury

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 460-472; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040021 - 01 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1351

Abstract

The former subfamily Prostygninae was recently elevated to family rank, and its phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on molecular data. In this study, we provide a revised morphological diagnosis for the family, focusing on characters from the exomorphology and male genital morphology. Morphological [...] Read more.

The former subfamily Prostygninae was recently elevated to family rank, and its phylogenetic relationships were investigated based on molecular data. In this study, we provide a revised morphological diagnosis for the family, focusing on characters from the exomorphology and male genital morphology. Morphological data supporting their inclusion in the MECO clade are provided. Additionally, a key to the genera is presented, and Prostygnus stellatussp. nov., a new Ecuadorian species, is described. The geographic distribution of prostygnid species is mapped. An overview of the inclusion and exclusion of genera formerly within Prostygninae, but currently in Gonyleptoidea incertae sedis, is presented, and the following new familial assignments are proposed: Binamballeus Roewer, 1952 and Puna metatarsalis (Kury, 1994) comb. nov. (transferred to Cranaidae), Sclerostygnellus Roewer, 1943 (transferred to Manaosbiidae) and Globitarsus Roewer, 1913, Lisarea Roewer, 1943, Meridanatus Roewer, 1943, Micropachylus Roewer, 1913, Prostygnidius Roewer, 1915, and Troya Roewer, 1914 (all transferred to Nomoclastidae). Three subjective synonyms of Troya are proposed: Peladoius Roewer, 1914 syn. nov., Prostygnellus Roewer, 1914 syn. nov., and Minyssus Roewer, 1943 syn. nov., combining their species with Troya and, finally, Prostygnellus riveti Roewer, 1914 is considered as a junior secondary homonym of Troya riveti Roewer, 1914 syn. nov. Full article

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9 pages, 7077 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A New Shallow-Water Species of the Rare Shrimp Genus Bresilia from Cabo Verde (Crustacea, Decapoda, Bresiliidae) †

by Sammy De Grave, Peter Wirtz and Arthur Anker

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 451-459; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040020 - 22 Nov 2023

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Abstract

A new species of the rare shrimp genus Bresilia is described and illustrated from shallow-water lava tubes in Cabo Verde. Characteristics differentiating the new species from its three known Atlantic congeners are listed and discussed. Scanning electron images (SEM) are provided of the [...] Read more.

A new species of the rare shrimp genus Bresilia is described and illustrated from shallow-water lava tubes in Cabo Verde. Characteristics differentiating the new species from its three known Atlantic congeners are listed and discussed. Scanning electron images (SEM) are provided of the peculiar chela ornamentation of the first pereiopod in the genus. Full article

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19 pages, 9604 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evidence and Modification of Non-Visual Eyestalk Organs in Troglobiont Mysida and Stygiomysida (Crustacea)

by Karl J. Wittmann

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 432-450; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040019 - 14 Nov 2023

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Abstract

Why do the eyes remain comparatively large, whereas the cornea is reduced in most troglobiont mysids? Are there any important organ size-dependent functions served by non-visual eye rudiments? This issue was approached by measuring eye structures in five troglobiont species of Mysida and [...] Read more.

Why do the eyes remain comparatively large, whereas the cornea is reduced in most troglobiont mysids? Are there any important organ size-dependent functions served by non-visual eye rudiments? This issue was approached by measuring eye structures in five troglobiont species of Mysida and two Stygiomysida compared with 14 troglophiles and 49 trogloxene Mysida species. The Organ of Bellonci (OB) was found in all Mysida and, as first records, also in Stygiomysida. The length of OBs increased with individual body length (BL) and eye length (EL) in four examined species: from postnauplioid larvae to adult stage in a troglophile and a trogloxene mysid species examined; and from juveniles to adults in a troglobiont mysid and a troglobiont stygiomysid. At the interspecific level, EL was, on average, 26% shorter at a given BL, while the OB was 40% longer at a given BL and 54% longer at a given EL, respectively, in adult troglobionts compared with trogloxene mysids. The OB is clearly proliferating, while the cornea is reduced in troglobionts. This points to sensory functions (possibly together with other functions). The sensory pore organ was found in all 15 Mysida species whose eyes were mounted on slides, and the first record of this organ was also found in Stygiomysida. Full article

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12 pages, 4572 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A New Octocorallia-Associated Shrimp of the Genus Periclimenes (Crustacea, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from West Africa

by Charles H. J. M. Fransen and Peter Wirtz

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 420-431; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040018 - 14 Nov 2023

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Abstract

A new shrimp species of the genus Periclimenes is described based on specimens collected in the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau. Specimens were collected from an unidentified octocoral. This is the ninth species in the genus known to be from the East Atlantic and Mediterranean. [...] Read more.

A new shrimp species of the genus Periclimenes is described based on specimens collected in the Bissagos Islands, Guinea-Bissau. Specimens were collected from an unidentified octocoral. This is the ninth species in the genus known to be from the East Atlantic and Mediterranean. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Level Taxonomy of Decapod Crustaceans)

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5 pages, 536 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Long-Jawed Spider Moves across Water with and without the Use of Silk

by John Gould and Jose. W. Valdez

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 415-419; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040017 - 19 Oct 2023

Viewed by 866

Abstract

Among spiders, movement in aquatic environments, including below the water’s surface or on the surface film, is completed using a variety of techniques that do not involve the use of silk, including swimming, walking, and rowing. The use of silk to assist with [...] Read more.

Among spiders, movement in aquatic environments, including below the water’s surface or on the surface film, is completed using a variety of techniques that do not involve the use of silk, including swimming, walking, and rowing. The use of silk to assist with aquatic locomotion has been explored only to a limited extent. In this study, we report on observations of a long-jawed spider (Family: Tetragnathidae) from Australia, Tetragnatha nitens, moving across the surface film in two different manners, one of which involves the use of silk. The first observation was of a female T. nitens walking across the water’s surface when prompted by a predation attempt: the spider used its front three pairs of legs for propulsion while the back pair remained motionless on the water, likely for stabilization. The second observation featured a male T. nitens utilizing a silk line to reel itself towards emergent vegetation while gliding across the water. Our findings support work on other long-jawed spiders, revealing that individual species can exploit several strategies for moving across water, including those that involve the use of silk. This study sheds light on the remarkable adaptability of spider silk and its potential use in aquatic systems. Full article

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17 pages, 1139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On a Remarkable New Genus and Species of Alpheid Shrimps (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Caridea) from the Tropical Western Atlantic

by Arthur Anker

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 398-414; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040016 - 18 Oct 2023

Viewed by 909

Abstract

Synalpheopsis gen. nov. is established for a remarkable new alpheid species, Synalpheopsis laureae sp. nov., presently known only from the male holotype collected at 111–162 m east of La Désirade, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Synalpheopsis gen. nov. peculiarly combines features of two genera, Alpheopsis [...] Read more.

Synalpheopsis gen. nov. is established for a remarkable new alpheid species, Synalpheopsis laureae sp. nov., presently known only from the male holotype collected at 111–162 m east of La Désirade, Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles. Synalpheopsis gen. nov. peculiarly combines features of two genera, Alpheopsis Coutière, 1897 and Synalpheus Spence Bate, 1888; however, it is presumably closer to the former genus. The new genus is characterised by the moderately developed orbital hoods, well-developed rostrum and orbital teeth, sixth pleonite without articulated flap, tip of the third maxilliped with crown of spiniform setae, chelipeds with two strong teeth on distolateral margin and lacking snapping mechanism on finger cutting edges, and gill formula without mastigobranchs and setobranchs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Level Taxonomy of Decapod Crustaceans)

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24 pages, 2323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Updated Checklist of the Freshwater Shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) of Mindoro Island, the Philippines, with a Description of a New Species of Caridina

by Valentin de Mazancourt, Hendrik Freitag, Kristina von Rintelen, Marivene Manuel-Santos and Thomas von Rintelen

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 374-397; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040015 - 12 Oct 2023

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Abstract

Following recent expeditions to Mindoro Island, the Philippines, numerous samples of atyid shrimps were collected and then studied in an integrative taxonomy framework. A total of 16 species belonging to 4 genera are hereby reported, including 8 new records for the island and/or [...] Read more.

Following recent expeditions to Mindoro Island, the Philippines, numerous samples of atyid shrimps were collected and then studied in an integrative taxonomy framework. A total of 16 species belonging to 4 genera are hereby reported, including 8 new records for the island and/or the Philippines: Atydina atyoides, Caridina bruneiana, C. celebensis, C. elongapoda, C. papuana, C. parvirostris, C. typus, C. zhujiangensis, and one new species, Caridina leptopoda sp. nov. Sequences of 16S rRNA have been produced for all of the species and taxonomical notes are provided. To account for the morphological variability across its range, C. bruneiana Choy, 1992 is herein re-described based on specimens from Mindoro. All of the species reported here from Mindoro have small eggs and are considered amphidromous, which suggests that they all potentially occur in other localities. This contrasts with other islands of the Philippines such as Bohol or Luzon where endemic species with large eggs can be found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Level Taxonomy of Decapod Crustaceans)

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9 pages, 2090 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Salmoneus chelocrassus sp. nov., a New Morphologically Distinctive Species of the Genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from Taiwan

by Hossein Ashrafi, Chia-Wei Lin and Zdeněk Ďuriš

Arthropoda 2023, 1(4), 365-373; https://doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda1040014 - 30 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 668

Abstract

During a faunal investigation using SCUBA in Taiwan in 2014, a single ovigerous specimen of an alpheid shrimp belonging to the genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, was collected. Notably, the specimen stood out due to its extremely robust major cheliped compared to other species [...] Read more.

During a faunal investigation using SCUBA in Taiwan in 2014, a single ovigerous specimen of an alpheid shrimp belonging to the genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, was collected. Notably, the specimen stood out due to its extremely robust major cheliped compared to other species within the genus. Detailed examination of the specimen unveiled its morphological distinctiveness from all known Salmoneus species, confirming its novelty to science. Apart from the remarkably inflated major cheliped devoid of depressions along the ventral margin, the characteristics of S. chelocrassus sp. nov., include the markedly reduced arthrobranch on the third maxilliped and the absence of microserrulate setae on the propodus of the fifth pereiopod. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Level Taxonomy of Decapod Crustaceans)

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Arthropoda, Volume 1, Issue 4 (December 2023) – 9 articles

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