Essential Oils and Volatiles as Nematodicides against the Cyst Nematodes Globodera and Heterodera †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Nematodicidal Essential Oils
2.1. Activity against Globodera
2.2. Activity against Heterodera
3. Nematodicidal Volatiles from Essential Oils
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EO Compound | LD50 Oral/Rat (mg/kg) 1 | GHS Signal 4 | GHS Hazards 4 | Other Activities |
---|---|---|---|---|
Isovaleric acid | 2000 2 | Danger | Causes severe skin burns and eye damage; causes serious eye damage | Used in fungicides, rodenticides, sedatives, narcotics, and other drugs |
α-Terpineol | 4300 | Warning | Causes skin irritation; causes serious eye irritation | |
Ethyl cinnamate | 4000 | Warning | May be harmful if swallowed | |
trans-Cinnamaldehyde | 2220 | Warning | Causes skin irritation; may cause an allergic skin reaction; causes serious eye irritation; may cause respiratory irritation | Antifungal agent; corn rootworm attractant; dog and cat repellent |
Ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate | >2000 3 | None | Not classifiable according to GHS | |
Fosthiazate | 57 | Danger | Toxic if swallowed; harmful in contact with skin; may cause an allergic skin reaction; toxic if inhaled; very toxic to aquatic life; very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects |
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Faria, J.M.S.; Vicente, C. Essential Oils and Volatiles as Nematodicides against the Cyst Nematodes Globodera and Heterodera . Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2021, 3, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2021-09689
Faria JMS, Vicente C. Essential Oils and Volatiles as Nematodicides against the Cyst Nematodes Globodera and Heterodera . Biology and Life Sciences Forum. 2021; 3(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2021-09689
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaria, Jorge M. S., and Cláudia Vicente. 2021. "Essential Oils and Volatiles as Nematodicides against the Cyst Nematodes Globodera and Heterodera " Biology and Life Sciences Forum 3, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/IECAG2021-09689