Impact of Climate Change on the Performance of Permafrost Highway Subgrade Reinforced by Concrete Piles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Equipment
2.1.1. Soil Samples
2.1.2. Concrete Specimens
2.1.3. Testing Equipments
2.2. Methodology
3. Influence of Temperature on Stress–Strain Characteristics
4. Damage Characteristics of the Soil-Concrete Pile Interface
5. Effect of Temperature on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Soil-Pile Interface
5.1. Peak Freezing Strength
5.2. Residual Freezing Strength
5.3. Characteristics of Shear Strength Parameters
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- In the thawing state (−3 °C, −2 °C, −1 °C, −0.5 °C), the soil-pile interface undergoes brittle damage, resulting in a strain softening trend observed in the shear stress-displacement curve. The curve can be divided into three stages: the pre-peak shear stress growth stage, the post-peak shear stress steep drop stage, and the post-peak shear stress reconstruction stage. In the thawed state (8 °C), the shear stress-displacement curve shows a strain hardening trend, and the curve can be divided into three stages: the elastic deformation stage, the elastic-plastic deformation stage, and the fully plastic deformation stage. This transition from strain-softening to strain-hardening behavior occurs as the frozen soil around the concrete pile transforms into thawed soil due to the increase in temperature. As the shear temperature increases, the shear strength of the interface gradually decreases and approaches that of the thawed state.
- (2)
- The peak freezing strength of the permafrost-pile interface decreases as the temperature increases, with a sharp drop occurring at −0.5 °C. Similarly, the cohesion and internal friction angle of the permafrost soil-pile interface exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing temperature, and a sharp drop is observed at −0.5 °C. This indicates that near the thawing state, the ice crystal structure of the interface undergoes a significant phase change and enters a state of ice-water coexistence, leading to a rapid decay in the mechanical properties of the interface. The residual freezing strength of the thawing frozen soil-concrete pile interface at different temperatures demonstrates an overall decreasing trend as the temperature increases.
- (3)
- In the frozen state, the cohesion of the soil-pile interface is primarily governed by the adhesive force of the ice crystal structure formed at the interface. This adhesive strength is influenced by the temperature. However, in the thawing state, the cohesion is determined by the adsorption force between the soil particles and the surface of the structure. As the temperature increases, the cementation force provided by the ice crystals gradually transitions to the adsorption force, resulting in a gradual decrease in cohesion. On the other hand, the change in the internal friction angle over the temperature rise follows a decreasing trend initially, followed by an increase as it approaches the thawed state.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Optimum Moisture Content/% | Maximum Dry Density/g·cm−3 | Plasticity Index | Plastic Limit/% | Liquid Limit/% | Specific Gravity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
14% | 1.86 | 12.81 | 17.69 | 30.5 | 2.72 |
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Wang, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Mao, X.; Yin, S. Impact of Climate Change on the Performance of Permafrost Highway Subgrade Reinforced by Concrete Piles. Future Transp. 2023, 3, 996-1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3030055
Wang Y, Zhao Y, Mao X, Yin S. Impact of Climate Change on the Performance of Permafrost Highway Subgrade Reinforced by Concrete Piles. Future Transportation. 2023; 3(3):996-1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3030055
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yueyue, Ying Zhao, Xuesong Mao, and Shunde Yin. 2023. "Impact of Climate Change on the Performance of Permafrost Highway Subgrade Reinforced by Concrete Piles" Future Transportation 3, no. 3: 996-1006. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3030055