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Abstract

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents and Blister Agents †

by
Adriana Elena Bratu
1,2,
Raluca Elena Ginghină
1,*,
Andreea Elena Modovan
3,
Tudor Viorel Tigănescu
3,
Gabriela Toader
3,
Ramona Elena Oncioiu
1,
Panaghia Deliu
1 and
Gabriel Epure
1
1
Research and Innovation Center for CBRN Defense and Ecology, 225 Olteniţei Ave., 041309 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University “Politehnica” of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe POLIZU Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
3
Military Technical Academy “Ferdinand I”, 39-49 G. Cosbuc Blvd., 050141 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM, Bucharest, Romania, 27–29 October 2021.
Chem. Proc. 2022, 7(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007078
Published: 28 June 2022
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 17th International Symposium “Priorities of Chemistry for a Sustainable Development” PRIOCHEM)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
International standards and environmental regulations require the development of new decontamination solutions for hazardous chemicals of military interest (chemical warfare agents) and industrial chemicals (pesticides, insecticides, etc.). It is necessary for them to be more efficient, with a higher decontamination speed and less waste generation. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively studied and have shown promising results in various industries (alimentary [1], medicine [2,3], pharmaceutical [4,5] and microbiology [6,7]). Metal oxide NPs offer promising outcomes—such as small particle size, high specific surface area, and unique physicochemical properties—which allow them to both adsorb and degrade toxic compounds due to their catalytic activity [8,9,10]. The paper presents the influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles, embedded in an internally developed amino-alcoholic decontamination solution, on the decontamination efficiency of chemical warfare nerve and blister agents. In this paper, we aimed to evaluate, using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/electron impact, the decontamination efficiency of ZnO NPs embedded in the organic decontamination solution. The decontamination efficiency was evaluated against two toxic compounds: sulfur mustard (HD) and soman (GD). Several solutions with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0.1–2%) were tested and compared with the reference decontamination solutions. The decontamination efficiency was evaluated using GC-MS/EI analysis at 2, 10, and 30 min, and 1, 3, 5 and 24 h. The decontamination product formation was observed and quantified throughout the process. The decontamination procedures were caried out at 25 °C with magnetic stirring. The presence of ZnO NPs in the organic decontamination solution showed better decontamination efficiency, which increased along with the concentration of NPs added, at a concentration interval of 0.1–1%. The solution with 2% ZnO NPs showed a decrease in the decontamination efficiency in the cases of both HD and GD.

Funding

This research was funded by the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI) from the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization of Romania, CNCS/CCCDI—UEFISCDI, through the national projects PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4222 ctr. no 427PED/2020 and PN-III-P2-2.1-PTE-2019-0400 ctr. no 49PTE/2020.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bratu, A.E.; Ginghină, R.E.; Modovan, A.E.; Tigănescu, T.V.; Toader, G.; Oncioiu, R.E.; Deliu, P.; Epure, G. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents and Blister Agents. Chem. Proc. 2022, 7, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007078

AMA Style

Bratu AE, Ginghină RE, Modovan AE, Tigănescu TV, Toader G, Oncioiu RE, Deliu P, Epure G. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents and Blister Agents. Chemistry Proceedings. 2022; 7(1):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007078

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bratu, Adriana Elena, Raluca Elena Ginghină, Andreea Elena Modovan, Tudor Viorel Tigănescu, Gabriela Toader, Ramona Elena Oncioiu, Panaghia Deliu, and Gabriel Epure. 2022. "Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for the Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Nerve Agents and Blister Agents" Chemistry Proceedings 7, no. 1: 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemproc2022007078

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