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J. Nanotheranostics, Volume 5, Issue 1 (March 2024) – 2 articles

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16 pages, 3972 KiB  
Article
Graphene Oxide Chemical Refining Screening to Improve Blood Compatibility of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
by Fabio Pieretti, Alessandro Moretto, Emanuele Papini and Regina Tavano
J. Nanotheranostics 2024, 5(1), 13-28; https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt5010002 - 20 Feb 2024
Viewed by 508
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, due to their favorable water solubility, compared to graphene (GA), are a hot research topic in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. However, GO clinical translation may be complicated by its high surface/volume ratio enhancing the interaction with human blood components. [...] Read more.
Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, due to their favorable water solubility, compared to graphene (GA), are a hot research topic in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. However, GO clinical translation may be complicated by its high surface/volume ratio enhancing the interaction with human blood components. In fact, GO’s bi-dimensional nature and strong negative charge may lead to severe biological effects, such as thrombogenicity and immune cell activation. This study explores the impact of further GO surface chemical modulation on major adverse effects: blood plasma coagulation and hemolysis. To this aim, we refined GO nanoparticles by fine-tuned reduction chemistry, esterification and introduction of negative or positive charges. With this approach, we were able to mitigate plasma coagulation and hemolysis at variable degrees and to identify GO derivatives with improved biocompatibility. This opens the door to the progress of graphene-based nanotheranostic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Nanomaterials as Nano-Theranostic Tools in Disease Treatment)
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12 pages, 3820 KiB  
Review
The Role of Fullerenes in Neurodegenerative Disorders
by Daisy L. Wilson, Jyoti Ahlawat and Mahesh Narayan
J. Nanotheranostics 2024, 5(1), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt5010001 - 16 Jan 2024
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Abstract
The use of carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-onions, carbon dots and carbon quantum dots for environmental applications has increased substantially. These nanoparticles are now used in the development of sensors and switches, in agriculture as smart fertilizers and in the [...] Read more.
The use of carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-onions, carbon dots and carbon quantum dots for environmental applications has increased substantially. These nanoparticles are now used in the development of sensors and switches, in agriculture as smart fertilizers and in the biomedical realm for cancer therapy intervention, as antioxidants, in gene delivery and as theranostics. Here, we review the role of fullerenes as neuroprotectants. Their sp2 hybridized architectures and ability to intervene in the soluble-to-toxic transformation of amyloidogenic trajectories is highlighted here, along with other physico–chemical properties that impact interventional efficacy. Also highlighted are drawbacks that need to be overcome and future prospects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Innovations in Theranostic Nanobiomaterials)
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