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Volume 7
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J, Volume 7, Issue 2 (June 2024) – 3 articles

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16 pages, 2220 KiB  
Article
Electrothermal Instabilities in Barium-Titanate-Based Ceramics
by Rizos N. Krikkis
J 2024, 7(2), 153-168; https://doi.org/10.3390/j7020009 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 141
Abstract
An electrothermal analysis for barium-titanate-based ceramics is presented, combining the Heywang–Jonker model for the electric resistivity with a heat dissipation mechanism based on natural convection and radiation in a one-dimensional model on the device level with voltage as the control parameter. Both positive-temperature-coefficient [...] Read more.
An electrothermal analysis for barium-titanate-based ceramics is presented, combining the Heywang–Jonker model for the electric resistivity with a heat dissipation mechanism based on natural convection and radiation in a one-dimensional model on the device level with voltage as the control parameter. Both positive-temperature-coefficient (PTC) and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effects are accounted for through the double Schottky barriers at the grain boundaries of the material. The problem formulated in this way admits uniform and non-uniform multiple-steady-state solutions that do not depend on the external circuit. The numerical bifurcation analysis reveals that the PTC effect gives rise to several multiplicites above the Curie point, whereas the NTC effect is responsible for the thermal runaway (temperature blowup). The thermal runaway phenomenon as a potential thermal shock could be among the possible reasons for the observed thermomechanical failures (delamination fracture). The theoretical results for the NTC regime and the thermal runaway are in agreement with the experimental flash sintering results obtained for barium titanate, and 3% and 8% yttria-stabilized zirconia. Full article
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26 pages, 13253 KiB  
Article
Dependence on Tail Copula
by Paramahansa Pramanik
J 2024, 7(2), 127-152; https://doi.org/10.3390/j7020008 - 03 Apr 2024
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Abstract
In real-world scenarios, we encounter non-exchangeable dependence structures. Our primary focus is on identifying and quantifying non-exchangeability in the tails of joint distributions. The findings and methodologies presented in this study are particularly valuable for modeling bivariate dependence, especially in fields where understanding [...] Read more.
In real-world scenarios, we encounter non-exchangeable dependence structures. Our primary focus is on identifying and quantifying non-exchangeability in the tails of joint distributions. The findings and methodologies presented in this study are particularly valuable for modeling bivariate dependence, especially in fields where understanding dependence patterns in the tails is crucial, such as quantitative finance, quantitative risk management, and econometrics. To grasp the intricate relationship between the strength of dependence and various types of margins, we explore three fundamental tail behavior patterns for univariate margins. Capitalizing on the probabilistic features of tail non-exchangeability structures, we introduce graphical techniques and statistical tests designed for analyzing data that may manifest non-exchangeability in the joint tail. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is illustrated through a simulation study and a practical example. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Mathematics)
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11 pages, 1534 KiB  
Article
Genome Doubling of Northern Spicebush, Lindera benzoin L.
by Ramsey F. Arram, Thomas B. Morgan, John T. Nix, Yu-Lin Kao and Hsuan Chen
J 2024, 7(2), 116-126; https://doi.org/10.3390/j7020007 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 663
Abstract
Lindera benzoin is a dioecious understory shrub native to eastern North America. Northern spicebush is a beautiful shrub with a natural round shrub shape, golden-yellow fall foliage, attractive bright red drupes, and precocious yellow flowers in early spring; however, its market value as [...] Read more.
Lindera benzoin is a dioecious understory shrub native to eastern North America. Northern spicebush is a beautiful shrub with a natural round shrub shape, golden-yellow fall foliage, attractive bright red drupes, and precocious yellow flowers in early spring; however, its market value as an ornamental value has been overlooked. To improve the ornamental values of this under-cultivated nursery crop, breeding for a better compact form, larger leaves, enlarged flower clusters and fruit, and increased stress tolerances could all be beneficial. Polyploidy manipulation is a valuable method to improve such traits for many ornamental plants. This study established the genome doubling method by oryzalin-infused solid agar treatment on young northern spicebush seedlings. The seedlings of two wild populations in North Carolina were collected and used. A total of 288 seedlings were treated with solid agar containing 150 µM oryzalin for 24, 72, and 120 h. The results were sporadic in their survival ratios and tetraploid conversion ratios between different treatments; however, a total of 16 tetraploid L. benzoin plants were produced in this study. The 24-h treatment showed the optimal result, with 7.1% of total treated seedlings or 15.2% of surviving seedlings converted into tetraploids. Tetraploid plants had visible differences in leaf morphology, a statistically significant enlarged stomata size, and reduced stomatal density compared to diploid plants. This research provides ploidy manipulation information for all future breeding processes of L. benzoin and related species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of J—Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal in 2024)
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