Analysis of Nutritional Status Disturbances in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD are nutritional status disorders. The specific loss of weight, called cachexia, characterized by loss of lean body mass in some COPD patients is observed. The aim of the study was the quantitative and qualitative analysis of COPD patients’ nutritional status disturbances. Material and methods: Fifty-five patients in different stages of COPD—43 males and 12 females (mean age 62.31 ± 11.08) and 32 subjects from a control group (mean age 57.43 ± 8.79) participated in the study. In both groups nutritional status was assessed using different indicators such as PIBW—percentage of ideal body weight, BMI—body mass index, FFMI—fat-free mass index and FMI—fat mass index. Results: Malnutrition measured by PIBW, BMI, BMI percentiles, and FFMI was observed in 5.45%, 3.64%, 3.64% and 18.18% of COPD patients, respectively, and in the control group 3.12%, 0%, 3.12% and 3.12%, respectively. The BMI mean value did not differ significantly between groups. It was confirmed that cachexia assessed by FFMI occured more frequently in COPD patients than in the control group—19.05 kg/m² vs. 20.55 kg/m² (p = 0.04). Conclusions: 1. Nutritional status disorders pose a serious problem, which concerns about 1/5 of the COPD population. 2. It is necessary to perform quantitative analysis of nutritional status (assessment of lean and fat mass) because indicators of body mass (PIBW, BMI) are not sufficient for cachexia detection. 3. Having normal body mass does not exclude the possibility of nutritional status disorders in COPD patients.