An Innovative Approach for Restoring the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic-Matrix Nanocomposite by the Use of Partially Polymerized Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Viscosity Evolution
3.2. F1_F2 System
3.2.1. Mechanical Characterization of F1_F2 System
3.2.2. Healing Efficiency of F1_F2 System
3.3. F1_F1MMT System
3.3.1. Mechanical Characterization of F1_F1MMT System
- The addition of the nanoclay, which is known to reduce the ductility of the materials;
- The higher amount of residual CBT for the nanofilled system compared to the two-catalyst system, as highlighted by DSC analysis reported in a previous work [13].
3.3.2. Healing Efficiency of F1_F1MMT System
4. Conclusions
- A healing cycle at lower temperatures and times (195 °C for 30 min for F1_F2 system and 160°C for 24 h for F1_MMT system) allows for partial recovery of the elongation to break, still retaining a stiffness comparable to the initial stiffness of the material. This cycle is desirable when the stiffness of the material is of utmost relevance, and any variation must be avoided;
- A healing cycle at higher temperature and times (200 °C for 20 min for F1_F2 system and 180°C for 24 h for F1_MMT system) allows a complete recovery of the elongation at break, despite a significant increase of the modulus. This cycle is desirable when the stiffness of the material is of secondary relevance, and variations of the modulus are acceptable.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | CBT | Elantech | Fascat 4101 | Fascat 4102 | Intercalated Fascat 4101 | MMT | Healing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 95.5 | 4 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - |
F1_F2 | 95.5 | 4 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 195 °C, 30 min |
200 °C, 20 min | |||||||
F1_F1MMT | 94.5 | 4 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.25 | 1 | 160 °C, 24 h |
180 °C, 24 h |
F1_F2 System | σR (MPa) | εR (mm/mm)*10−2 | E (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|
Unnotched | 15.4 ± 6.63 | 1.97 ± 0.122 | 0.91 ± 0.39 |
Notched | 8.59 ± 0.82 (−44%) | 1.59 ± 0.259 (−19%) | 0.84 ± 0.24 (−8%) |
repaired, 195 °C 30 min | 12.5 ± 3.48 (−18%) | 1.70 ± 0.604 (−14%) | 0.93 ± 0.37 (+2%) |
repaired, 200 °C 20 min | 21.4 ± 4.25 (+39%) | 1.902 ± 0.707 (−3%) | 1.20 ± 0.17 (+31%) |
F1_F2 | ΔHm-CBT (J/g) | Tm-PBT (°C) | ΔHm-PBT (J/g) | xCBT |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before healing | 6.85 | 205.7 | 21.3 | 0.32 |
Healing at 195 °C for 30 min | 1.89 | 212.8 | 44.6 | 0.04 |
Healing at 200 °C for 20 min | 0 | 219.3 | 44.9 | 0 |
F1_F1MMT System | σR (MPa) | εR (mm/mm)*10−2 | E (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|
Unnotched | 10.9 ± 1.96 | 1.55 ± 0.565 | 0.92 ± 0.27 |
Notched | 5.59 ± 1.37 (−48%) | 0.667 ± 0.194 (−57%) | 0.87 ± 0.11 (−5%) |
Repaired at 160 °C | 9.35 ± 2.11 (−14%) | 1.00 ± 0.435 (−35%) | 1.07 ± 0.20 (+16%) |
Repaired at 180 °C | 34.9 ± 6.01 (+220%) | 1.36 ± 0.305 (−12%) | 2.86 ± 0.16 (+210%) |
F1_F1MMT | ΔHm-CBT (J/g) | Tm-PBT (°C) | ΔHm-PBT (J/g) | xCBT |
---|---|---|---|---|
Before healing | 14.4 | 192.6 | 10.9 | 0.57 |
Healing at 160 °C for 24 h | 8.94 | 196.0 | 27.7 | 0.32 |
Healing at 180 °C for 24 h | 0 | 229.7 | 71.9 | 0 |
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Ferrari, F.; Greco, A. An Innovative Approach for Restoring the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic-Matrix Nanocomposite by the Use of Partially Polymerized Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate. J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040146
Ferrari F, Greco A. An Innovative Approach for Restoring the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic-Matrix Nanocomposite by the Use of Partially Polymerized Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate. Journal of Composites Science. 2020; 4(4):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040146
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerrari, Francesca, and Antonio Greco. 2020. "An Innovative Approach for Restoring the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic-Matrix Nanocomposite by the Use of Partially Polymerized Cyclic Butylene Terephthalate" Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 4: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040146