Correction: Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Dynamic Changes on Floral Aroma Composition of the Three Species from Tilia at Different Flowering Stages. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 719
1
College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2
Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3
Southern Tree Seed Inspection Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210037, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020286
Submission received: 5 December 2022
/
Accepted: 7 December 2022
/
Published: 20 February 2023
Text Correction
In the original publication [1], the data of aroma components in Table 2 were not complete. Therefore, we decided to make additional improvements, thus giving a more complete picture of the composition and dynamic changes of the floral aroma in the three species of Tilia. This article has been updated at some points as follows:
Abstract—The sentence “47 aroma compounds were preliminarily identified, including terpenes, alcohols, ethers, esters, aldehydes, heterocyclics and alkanes” was replaced with “A total of 70 volatile components were detected, 43 aroma compounds were identified”. The content “9 crucial aroma components” was replaced with “14 crucial aroma components”.
Results—Subsequent results and points based on data from Table 2 have been updated along with the corresponding figures and tables.
Discussion—The sentence “The three species from Tilia were all in the blooming stage when the peak period of fragrance emission as seen by the results” was replaced with “The emissions of major aroma components in the three species of Tilia were basically in the blooming stage as seen by the results”. The content “9 key floral scent components” was replaced with “14 key floral scent components”.
Paragraph in Section 2.5 should be corrected as: Excel (Microsoft Office Standard 2019, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) was used to calculate the relative content (%) of each aroma component; UpSet diagrams were performed by using the OmicShare tools, a free online platform for data analysis (https://www.omicshare.com/tools), accessed on 5 June 2022; SPSS Statistics 26.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test; SIMCA 14.1.0.2047 software (Umetrics, Umeå, Sweden) was used for the PLS-DA model, drawing score scatter plot and loading scatter plot, calculation of VIP value and permutation test; Matlab R2021a software (Math Works Corporation, Natick, MA, USA) was used for calculating the aroma similarity rates; aroma characteristics were collected from ‘The Good Scents’ company network database (www.thegoodscentscompany.com), accessed on 5 January 2022. OriginPro 2021 software (OriginLab Corporation at Northampton, MA, USA) was applied to draw heat map.
Updated tables and figures are shown below:
Table 2.
Aroma components and relative contents in samples of the three species from Tilia.
| No. | Compounds Name | CAS Number | RI | Relative Content (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC-a | TC-b | TC-c | TT-a | TT-b | TT-c | TM-a | TM-b | TM-c | ||||
| 1 | NI-1 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.30 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2 | NI-2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.06 | - |
| 3 | NI-3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.65 |
| 4 | NI-4 | - | 731 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.19 |
| 5 | NI-5 | - | 749 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.43 | - | 0.19 |
| 6 | (1R)-2, 6, 6-Trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-2-ene | 7785-70-8 | 948 | - | - | - | 2.41 | 2.85 | 4.04 | - | - | - |
| 7 | β-Myrcene | 123-35-3 | 996 | - | - | - | - | 2.90 | 4.40 | - | - | - |
| 8 | NI-6 | - | 1004 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7.33 | 5.21 | 3.62 |
| 9 | NI-7 | - | 1011 | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.99 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 10 | NI-8 | - | 1013 | - | - | - | - | 0.83 | - | - | - | - |
| 11 | α-Phellandrene | 99-83-2 | 1014 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.32 | - | - | - |
| 12 | D-Limonene | 5989-27-5 | 1038 | - | - | - | 19.88 | 19.04 | 22.55 | 0.21 | 0.31 | - |
| 13 | trans-β-Ocimene | 3779-61-1 | 1040 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 0.96 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 14 | β-Ocimene | 13877-91-3 | 1052 | 29.47 | 34.44 | 36.90 | 32.62 | 32.44 | 32.68 | - | - | - |
| 15 | Benzene, 1-methoxy-4-methyl- | 104-93-8 | 1056 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.19 |
| 16 | γ-Terpinene | 99-85-4 | 1067 | - | - | - | 4.80 | 4.97 | 5.53 | - | - | - |
| 17 | Bicyclo [3.1.0]hexan-2-ol, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-, (1α,2β,5α)- | 15537-55-0 | 1079 | - | - | - | - | 0.33 | 0.36 | - | - | - |
| 18 | Benzeneacetaldehyde | 122-78-1 | 1088 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5.48 | 6.41 | 5.40 |
| 19 | NI-9 | - | 1090 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.27 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| 20 | trans-Linalool oxide (furanoid) | 34995-77-2 | 1098 | 1.55 | 1.04 | 0.87 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 21 | Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)- | 586-62-9 | 1099 | - | - | - | 12.22 | 12.35 | 11.39 | - | - | - |
| 22 | Benzene, (2-methoxyethyl)- | 3558-60-9 | 1102 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.39 | 0.43 |
| 23 | Linalool | 78-70-6 | 1109 | 14.74 | 18.73 | 21.30 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 24 | NI-10 | - | 1113 | - | - | - | - | 1.79 | - | - | - | - |
| 25 | 2, 4, 6-Octatriene, 2, 6-dimethyl- | 673-84-7 | 1139 | 1.56 | 1.21 | 1.19 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 26 | NI-11 | - | 1149 | 2.22 | 3.45 | 3.40 | 6.79 | 4.21 | 5.00 | 15.17 | 12.03 | 9.12 |
| 27 | Lilac aldehyde (isomer II) | - | 1166 | - | 0.59 | 0.41 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.10 |
| 28 | Phenylethyl Alcohol | 60-12-8 | 1180 | - | - | - | 7.43 | 7.17 | 5.70 | 0.68 | 1.59 | 1.77 |
| 29 | (3R,6S)-2,2,6-Trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ol | 39028-58-5 | 1196 | 0.51 | 0.34 | 0.29 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 30 | 3-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (R)- | 20126-76-5 | 1204 | - | - | - | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.37 | - | - | - |
| 31 | Benzoic acid, ethyl ester | 93-89-0 | 1208 | - | - | - | 0.62 | 0.94 | 0.70 | - | - | - |
| 32 | Benzene, (2-methoxyethenyl)- | 4747-15-3 | 1216 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.13 | 0.19 | 0.22 |
| 33 | NI-12 | - | 1219 | 0.73 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 34 | Estragole | 140-67-0 | 1225 | - | - | - | 3.96 | 3.87 | 2.32 | - | - | - |
| 35 | Lilac alcohol (isomer III) | - | 1228 | 0.64 | 0.40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 36 | Lilac alcohol (isomer IV) | - | 1241 | 0.88 | 0.46 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 37 | Lilac alcohol D | 33081-37-7 | 1259 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.10 |
| 38 | Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester | 103-45-7 | 1295 | - | - | - | 0.44 | 0.50 | - | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.61 |
| 39 | Tridecane | 629-50-5 | 1300 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.19 | - |
| 40 | NI-13 | - | 1301 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.09 |
| 41 | NI-14 | - | 1319 | 0.83 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.95 | 1.18 | 1.79 | 3.61 | 2.61 | 2.11 |
| 42 | NI-15 | - | 1359 | 0.84 | 0.53 | 0.46 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 43 | α-Cubebene | 17699-14-8 | 1370 | 0.43 | 0.34 | 0.34 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 44 | Aromadendrene | 109119-91-7 | 1409 | 1.03 | 0.82 | 0.85 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 45 | Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)- | 97-54-1 | 1434 | - | - | - | 1.14 | 2.20 | 1.00 | - | - | - |
| 46 | β-Copaene | 18252-44-3 | 1436 | 4.39 | 3.02 | 2.54 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 47 | Methyleugenol | 93-15-2 | 1443 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.71 | 7.00 | 10.26 |
| 48 | NI-16 | - | 1446 | 2.57 | 1.74 | 1.47 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 49 | (E)-β-Famesene | 18794-84-8 | 1459 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.16 |
| 50 | NI-17 | - | 1461 | 1.18 | 0.86 | 0.81 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 51 | NI-18 | - | 1468 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.13 |
| 52 | NI-19 | - | 1470 | 1.71 | 1.16 | 1.11 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 53 | cis-Muurola-4(15),5-diene | 157477-72-0 | 1479 | 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.50 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 54 | NI-20 | - | 1489 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.25 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| 55 | γ-Muurolene | 30021-74-0 | 1491 | 1.52 | 1.25 | 1.11 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 56 | 1, 3, 6, 10-Dodecatetraene, 3, 7, 11-trimethyl-, (Z,E)- | 26560-14-5 | 1498 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.23 | 1.28 | 1.68 |
| 57 | Germacrene D | 23986-74-5 | 1501 | 22.30 | 18.67 | 16.83 | 0.48 | 0.66 | 0.90 | - | - | - |
| 58 | NI-21 | - | 1511 | 0.89 | 0.80 | 0.84 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 59 | α-Farnesene | 502-61-4 | 1514 | - | - | - | 0.75 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 58.63 | 59.35 | 60.37 |
| 60 | NI-22 | - | 1516 | 1.26 | 0.96 | 0.80 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 61 | NI-23 | - | 1519 | 1.00 | 0.62 | 0.48 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 62 | Naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1α,4aβ,8aα)- | 39029-41-9 | 1533 | 1.81 | 1.59 | 1.45 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 63 | NI-24 | - | 1535 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
| 64 | Naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methyl ethyl)-, (1S-cis)- | 483-76-1 | 1539 | 3.07 | 2.69 | 2.44 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 65 | NI-25 | - | 1550 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.06 | - |
| 66 | Naphthalene, 1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, [1S-(1α,4aβ,8aα)]- | 24406-05-1 | 1556 | 0.66 | 0.59 | 0.54 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 67 | NI-26 | - | 1603 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.69 |
| 68 | Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)- | 487-11-6 | 1609 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.66 |
| 69 | NI-27 | - | 1623 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
| 70 | Benzyl Benzoate | 120-51-4 | 1744 | - | - | - | 0.86 | 0.52 | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | |||
Note: RT—Retention time; RI—Retention index; NI—Not identified.
Figure 2.
UpSet diagrams based on the aroma components at different flowering stages of the three species. (a) T. cordata; (b) T. tomentosa; (c) T. miqueliana. Note: “set size” represents the dataset of aroma components in each species of Tilia at different flowering periods; the horizontal bar chart on the left represents the statistical value of floral fragrance components in each period; the single point of the intermediate matrix represents the existence of unique aroma components in a certain period, and 2 or 3 points are connected by lines to represent the unique components with intersection of multiple periods; the numbers at the top of the vertical bars represent the values of the unique aroma components at the intersection points at different periods.
Figure 2.
UpSet diagrams based on the aroma components at different flowering stages of the three species. (a) T. cordata; (b) T. tomentosa; (c) T. miqueliana. Note: “set size” represents the dataset of aroma components in each species of Tilia at different flowering periods; the horizontal bar chart on the left represents the statistical value of floral fragrance components in each period; the single point of the intermediate matrix represents the existence of unique aroma components in a certain period, and 2 or 3 points are connected by lines to represent the unique components with intersection of multiple periods; the numbers at the top of the vertical bars represent the values of the unique aroma components at the intersection points at different periods.
Figure 3.
PLS-DA model for aroma components at different stages of the three species. (a) Score scatter plot; (b) Loading scatter plot.
Figure 3.
PLS-DA model for aroma components at different stages of the three species. (a) Score scatter plot; (b) Loading scatter plot.
Figure 4.
Permutation test of PLS-DA model. (a) T. cordata; (b) T. miqueliana; (c) T. tomentosa.
Table 3.
Characteristics of the 14 crucial components in the PLS-DA model.
| No. | Components Name | VIP | p-Value | Aroma Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | α-Farnesene | 3.70 | 0.02 | Citrus, herbal, lavender |
| 2 | D-Limonene | 2.76 | 0.03 | Citrus, orange |
| 3 | Germacrene D | 2.50 | 0.02 | Woody, spice |
| 4 | Linalool | 2.47 | 0.02 | Citrus, woody, floral |
| 5 | Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)- | 2.11 | 0.02 | Citrus, woody |
| 6 | Phenylethyl Alcohol | 1.55 | 0.02 | floral, rose |
| 7 | γ-Terpinene | 1.38 | 0.02 | Oily, woody, lemon |
| 8 | NI-11 | 1.33 | 0.03 | - |
| 9 | Methyleugenol | 1.21 | 0.02 | Spicy, cinnamon, clove |
| 10 | Benzeneacetaldehyde | 1.16 | 0.02 | Honey, floral, cocoa |
| 11 | Estragole | 1.10 | 0.02 | Spice, herbal, anise |
| 12 | NI-6 | 1.09 | 0.02 | - |
| 13 | (1R)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene | 1.06 | 0.02 | Terpene, aromatic, minty |
| 14 | β-Copaene | 1.04 | 0.02 | - |
VIP: variable importance in projection.
Table 4.
Aroma similarity rates between the three species of Tilia at different flowering stages.
| TC-a | TC-b | TC-c | TT-a | TT-b | TT-c | TM-a | TM-b | TM-c | |
| TC-a | 1.000 | 0.986 | 0.972 | 0.578 | 0.585 | 0.572 | 0.015 | 0.012 | 0.009 |
| TC-b | 1.000 | 0.997 | 0.626 | 0.631 | 0.616 | 0.021 | 0.016 | 0.012 | |
| TC-c | 1.000 | 0.635 | 0.641 | 0.625 | 0.020 | 0.015 | 0.012 | ||
| TT-a | 1.000 | 0.991 | 0.986 | 0.063 | 0.058 | 0.048 | |||
| TT-b | 1.000 | 0.993 | 0.052 | 0.050 | 0.043 | ||||
| TT-c | 1.000 | 0.056 | 0.052 | 0.044 | |||||
| TM-a | 1.000 | 0.996 | 0.987 | ||||||
| TM-b | 1.000 | 0.997 | |||||||
| TM-c | 1.000 |
Note: The closer clustering relationship is, the aroma similarity rate draws nearer to 1.000.
Figure 5.
Heat map of content distributions about 14 crucial components in the three species from Tilia.
Figure 5.
Heat map of content distributions about 14 crucial components in the three species from Tilia.
We have revised all affected figures and tables as well as values reported in the main text in the corrected article. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.
Reference
- Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Dynamic Changes on Floral Aroma Composition of the Three Species from Tilia at Different Flowering Stages. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Correction: Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Dynamic Changes on Floral Aroma Composition of the Three Species from Tilia at Different Flowering Stages. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 719. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020286
AMA Style
Bao W, Shen Y. Correction: Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Dynamic Changes on Floral Aroma Composition of the Three Species from Tilia at Different Flowering Stages. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 719. Horticulturae. 2023; 9(2):286. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020286
Chicago/Turabian StyleBao, Wenqin, and Yongbao Shen. 2023. "Correction: Bao, W.; Shen, Y. Dynamic Changes on Floral Aroma Composition of the Three Species from Tilia at Different Flowering Stages. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 719" Horticulturae 9, no. 2: 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020286
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