Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Extracellular Matrix—Advantages and Associated Risks
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Cardiac Tissue Engineering
2.2. Multi-Layer Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels and Bioprinting
2.3. Residual Internal Stresses
2.4. Viscoelastic Hydrogels
2.5. Hydrogel Nanocomposites
2.6. Effect of Water
2.7. ECM Stiffness and Cancer
2.7.1. Cancer Models
2.7.2. Polyphenols Decrease ECM Stiffness
2.7.3. Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharides
2.7.4. Anti-TNF-α and Anti-NF-κB Therapies
2.8. Equivalence of ECM Stiffness, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation
3. Conclusions and Future Perspective
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACEIs | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
ARBs | angiotensin receptor blockades |
AT1 | angiotensin type 1 |
CS-PEO | chitosan-polyethylene oxide |
ECM | extracellular matrix |
FACs | focal adhesion complexes |
GelMA | gelatin methacrylate |
GNR | gold nanorod |
HA | hyaluronate |
IL-6 | interleukin 6 |
LOX | lysyl oxidase |
MECs | mammary epithelial cells |
MMPs | matrix metalloproteinases |
MSCs | mesenchymal stem cells |
NC-ALG | nanoclay–alginate |
NF-kB | nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells |
Nrf2 | the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
PAA | poly(acrylic acid) |
PEG | poly (ethylene glycol) |
PVA | poly(vinyl alcohol) |
PWV | pulse wave velocity |
QENS | quasi-elastic neutron scattering |
RAAS | renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system |
TIMPs | tissue inhibitors of matrix proteases |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor α |
UV | ultraviolet |
Wnt | wingless-related integration site |
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Kerch, G. Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Extracellular Matrix—Advantages and Associated Risks. Gels 2023, 9, 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090754
Kerch G. Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Extracellular Matrix—Advantages and Associated Risks. Gels. 2023; 9(9):754. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090754
Chicago/Turabian StyleKerch, Garry. 2023. "Nanocomposite Hydrogels and Extracellular Matrix—Advantages and Associated Risks" Gels 9, no. 9: 754. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090754