Corneal Biomechanical Measures for Glaucoma: A Clinical Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Foundational Concepts in Corneal Biomechanics
3. In Vivo Clinical Assessment of Corneal Biomechanics
3.1. Ocular Response Analyzer
3.2. Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST)
3.3. Brillouin Microscopy
4. Clinical Studies Measuring Corneal Hysteresis and Corneal Resistance Factor in Glaucoma Patients
5. Clinical Studies Using Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) in Evaluating Corneal Biomechanics in Glaucoma Patients
6. Prostaglandin Analogues-Induced Corneal Biomechanical Changes
7. Effect of Other Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications on Corneal Biomechanics
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Number of Patients | Prostaglandin Therapy in the Glaucoma Group | Parameters That Were Significantly Different between Study Groups | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glaucoma/OHT | Healthy controls | |||
Kirwan and colleagues, 2006 [49] | 8 (CG) | 42 | Not reported |
|
Sullivan-Mee and colleagues, 2008 [74] | 99 (primary glaucoma) 58 (OHT) 70 (GS) | 71 |
|
|
Mangouritsas and colleagues, 2009 [51] | 108 (POAG) | 74 |
|
|
Sun and colleagues, 2009 [52] | 40 (unilateral CPACG) | 40 |
|
|
Abibtol and colleagues, 2010 [53] | 58 (OAG-HTG) | 75 |
|
|
Ayala, 2011 [63] | 30 (POAG) 30 (PXG) | 30 |
|
|
Narayanaswamy and colleagues, 2011 [54] | 162 (POAG-HTG and NTG) 131 (PACG) | 150 |
|
|
Kaushik and colleagues, 2012 [55] | 36 (POAG-HTG) 18 (POAG-NTG) 101 (GS) 38 (OHT) 59 (PACD) | 71 |
|
|
Grise-Dulac and colleagues, 2012 [56] | 38 (POAG-HTG) 14 (NTG) 27 (OHT) | 22 |
|
|
Derty-Morel and colleagues, 2012 [57] | 59 (POAG) | 55 |
|
|
Morita and colleagues, 2012 [58] | 83 (NTG) | 83 |
|
|
Cankaya and colleagues, 2012 [59] | 64 (PEX) 78 (PXG) | 102 |
|
|
Beyazyildiz and colleagues, 2014 [60] | 66 (POAG) 46 (PXG) | 50 |
|
|
Shin and colleagues, 2015 [61] | 97 (POAG-NTG) | 89 |
|
|
Hussnain and colleagues, 2015 [62] | 322 (POAG) | 1418 |
|
|
Yazgan and colleagues, 2015 [64] | 43 eyes (PEX) 30 eyes (PXG) | 45 eyes |
|
|
Dana and colleagues, 2015 [65] | 37 eyes (POAG) | 21 eyes |
|
|
Pillunat and colleagues, 2016 [66] | 48 (POAG-HTG) 38 (POAG-NTG) 18 (OHT) | 44 |
|
|
Perucho-Gonzalez and colleagues, 2016 [67] | 78 (PCG) | 53 |
|
|
Perucho-Gonzalez and colleagues, 2017 [68] | 66 (PCG) | 94 |
|
|
Park and colleagues, 2018 [69] | 95 (POAG-NTG) | 93 |
|
|
Potop and colleagues, 2020 [73] | 79 eyes (POAG regardless of IOP) 68 eyes (OHT) | 67 eyes |
|
|
Aoki and colleagues, 2021 [70] | 68 (POAG) | 68 |
|
|
Rojananuangnit, 2021 [71] | 272 (POAG) 143 (NTG) 48 (PACG) 30 (OHT) | 465 |
|
|
Del Buey-Sayas and colleagues, 2021 [72] | 491 (Glaucoma or GS) | 574 |
|
|
Study | Number of Patients | Prostaglandin Therapy in the Glaucoma Group | Parameters Evaluated * | Parameters That Were Significantly Different between Study Groups | Conclusion | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glaucoma/OHT | Healthy controls | |||||
Leung and colleagues, 2013 [93] | 101 glaucomatous eyes 39 glaucoma suspect eyes | 40 | PGAs were used, but the exact number of patients on PGA was not reported | 5 parameters
| None of the five factors were statistically significantly different between both groups | |
Salvetat and colleagues, 2015 [88] | 85 (POAG) | 79 | 33/87 patients | 10 parameters
|
| POAG eyes have less deformable corneas than controls |
Wang and colleagues, 2015 [89] | 37 (POAG-HTG) | 36 | Patients on glaucoma medications were not excluded from the study | 10 parameters
|
| POAG eyes have less deformable cornea compared to controls |
Coste and colleagues, 2015 [90] | 37 (COAG) | 19 | Not reported | 7 parameters
|
| Corneal deformation is lower in glaucomatous patients compared to controls |
Lee and colleagues, 2016 [94] | 34 (POAG-HTG) 26 (POAG-NTG) | 61 | 79.5% were on glaucoma medications | 10 parameters
|
| |
Tian and colleagues, 2016 [95] | 42 (POAG-HTG) | 60 | 34/42 patients | 10 parameters
|
| Corneal deformation is lower in glaucomatous patients compared to controls |
Wu and colleagues, 2016 [108] | 69 | 19 | 35/69 (treatment naïve) 34/69 (at least 2 years of PGA therapy) | 10 parameters
|
|
|
Jung and colleagues, 2017 [96] | 136 (OAG) | 75 | 82/136 patients | 9 parameters
|
| Corneal deformation is lower in glaucomatous eyes compared to controls |
Hong and colleagues, 2019 [91] | 80 (POAG-NTG) | 155 | 76% were on glaucoma medications but they did not specify the number | 10 parameters
|
| NTG has more deformable corneas compared to controls |
Miki and colleagues, 2019 [92] | 75 (POAG-medically controlled) | 47 | Mean number of topical medications was 1.8 ± 1.2. However, % of eyes that used prostaglandin analogues was not specified | 8 parameters
|
|
|
Pillunat and colleagues, 2019 [39] | 70 (POAG-NTG) | 70 | 115/140 eyes | They used five parameters (DA ratio progression, HCT, Pachymetry slope, biomechanically corrected IOP, Pachymetry) to calculate Dresden BGF |
|
|
Vinciguerra and colleagues, 2020 [97] | 41 (POAG-HTG) 33 (POAG-NTG) 45 (OHT) | 37 | 37/41 patients (POAG-HTG) 23/33 patients (POAG-NTG) 31/45 patients (OHT) | 4 parameters
|
| NTG eyes have a more deformable cornea compared to HTG, OHT, and controls |
Miki and colleagues, 2020 [98] | 35 (POAG-NTG) | 35 | 0 (All patients were treatment-naïve) | 10 parameters
|
| Corneas of untreated NTG eyes are more deformable compared to controls |
Pradhan and colleagues, 2020 [100] | 29 (POAG including NTG) 32 (PXG) | 33 | 0 (All patients were treatment-naïve) | 7 parameters
|
| No difference in corneal deformability between POAG, PXG, and controls |
Pradhan and colleagues, 2020 [101] | 27 (PXG) 14 (PXF + OHT) 29 (PXF) | 32 | 0 (All patients were treatment-naïve) | 7 parameters
|
| No difference in corneal deformability between PXG, PXF, PXF + OHT, and controls |
Jung and colleagues, 2020 [99] | 46 (POAG-HTG) 54 (POAG-NTG) | 61 | 32/46 in HTG 38/54 in NTG | 7 parameters
|
| Eyes with POAG-HTG have less deformable corneas compared to NTG and controls |
Aoki and colleagues, 2021 [70] | 68 (POAG) | 68 | 56/68 | BGF |
|
|
Wei and colleagues, 2021 [102] | 45 (POAG-HTG) 49 (POAG-NTG) | 50 | Several glaucoma patients were on PGA, but they did not report a specific number | 19 parameters
|
|
|
Silva and colleagues, 2022 [103] | 61 eyes (POAG) 32 eyes (Amyloidotic glaucoma) 37 eyes (OHT) | 53 eyes | 72% (POAG) 59% (Amyloidotic glaucoma) 59% (OHT) | 14 parameters
|
|
|
Zarei and colleagues, 2022 [104] | 66 eyes (POAG-HTG) 21 eyes (POAG-NTG) 26 eyes (PXG) 46 eyes (PACG) | 70 eyes | 31 parameters
|
| Altered corneal biomechanics in different types of glaucoma | |
Xu and colleagues, 2022 [107] | 113 (POAG-HTG) 108 (POAG-NTG) | 113 | 47/113 (POAG-HTG) 42/108 (POAG-NTG) | 5 parameters **
|
| Based on Corvis ST *** results, NTG eyes have more deformable corneas compared to HTG but not when compared to controls |
Wu and colleagues, 2022 [33] | 55 (POAG-HTG) 47 (POAG-NTG) | 51 | 0 (All patients were treatment-naïve) | 13 parameters
|
| NTG eyes have more deformable corneas compared to HTG and normal controls
|
Vieira and colleagues, 2022 [106] | 70 (POAG-HTG) 16 (PXG) 23 (OHT) | 37 | All glaucoma patients and 92.9% of OHT were medically treated. However, details were not reported | 8 parameters
|
| Eyes with OHT have stiffer corneas compared to healthy controls, POAG, PXG |
Halkiadakis and colleagues, 2022 [105] | 30 (POAG-HTG) 25 (OHT) | 25 | POAG and OHT were medically treated but details were not reported | 15 parameters
|
|
|
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Elhusseiny, A.M.; Scarcelli, G.; Saeedi, O.J. Corneal Biomechanical Measures for Glaucoma: A Clinical Approach. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101108
Elhusseiny AM, Scarcelli G, Saeedi OJ. Corneal Biomechanical Measures for Glaucoma: A Clinical Approach. Bioengineering. 2023; 10(10):1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101108
Chicago/Turabian StyleElhusseiny, Abdelrahman M., Giuliano Scarcelli, and Osamah J. Saeedi. 2023. "Corneal Biomechanical Measures for Glaucoma: A Clinical Approach" Bioengineering 10, no. 10: 1108. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10101108