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Limnological Review
Volume 16
Issue 4
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Limnological Review is published by MDPI from Volume 22 Issue 1 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Sciendo.

Limnol. Rev., Volume 16, Issue 4 (December 2016) – 9 articles , Pages 173-256

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2525 KiB  
Article
Contribution of Non-Pollen Palynomorphs to Reconstructions of Land-Use Changes and Lake Eutrophication: Case Study from Lake Jaczno, Northeastern Poland
by Dawid Weisbrodt, Dirk Enters, Maurycy Jacek Żarczyński, Anna Izabela Poraj-Górska and Wojciech Tylmann
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 247-256; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0027 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 167
Abstract
Analysis of non-pollen palynomorphs supplemented by pollen analysis, microcharcoal analysis and geochemical data from laminated sediments from Lake Jaczno were used to establish different phases of land-use in the catchment between c.a. AD 1840 and AD 2013. The results show that during the [...] Read more.
Analysis of non-pollen palynomorphs supplemented by pollen analysis, microcharcoal analysis and geochemical data from laminated sediments from Lake Jaczno were used to establish different phases of land-use in the catchment between c.a. AD 1840 and AD 2013. The results show that during the first eighty years the vicinity of the lake was heavily deforested. During this period erosional inputs caused accumulation of abundant fungal spores, indicators of pastures and natural fertilizers (manure) as well as of corroded pollen grains and charcoal. Gradual regeneration of forest cover took place after World War II, when expansion of pioneer trees occurred (Betula, Salix, Carpinus, Populus). At the same time, a considerable increase in the lake trophy was observed, leading to the changes in phytoplankton and macrophyte communities: a decrease in the proportion of Botryococcus and an increase in the Nymphaea alba population. The non-pollen palynomorphs analyses indicate the substantial human impact that caused changing local environmental conditions, compatible with the results based on pollen analysis and geochemical data. Full article
5397 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Characteristics of Laminations in Recent Sediments from Lakes Kamenduł and Perty in the Suwałki Landscape Park, Northeastern Poland
by Wojciech Tylmann, Małgorzata Kinder, Maurycy Żarczyński and Anna Poraj-Górska
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 237-245; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0026 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 192
Abstract
Varved lake sediments are well known archives used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. They provide continuous, high-resolution and calendar-year chronologies of past environmental changes. From lakes Kamenduł and Perty, located in the Suwałki Landscape Park, short cores of laminated sediments were collected and investigated using [...] Read more.
Varved lake sediments are well known archives used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. They provide continuous, high-resolution and calendar-year chronologies of past environmental changes. From lakes Kamenduł and Perty, located in the Suwałki Landscape Park, short cores of laminated sediments were collected and investigated using microfacies analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning. Sediments of Lake Kamenduł form biogenic (calcite) varves with pale lamina containing precipitated calcite and dark lamina composed of mixed organic and clastic material. There is a visible difference between varves in the lower and the topmost part of the core. The varve thickness and clastic material content decrease upcore. Analysed sediments of Lake Perty also show laminated structures which are biogenic varves composed of calcite laminas interbedded with layers of mixed material and dark laminas containing mostly organic material with some clastic particles. Our study shows that further analysis of sediments from these lakes may provide valuable information about past land use changes in their catchments as well as changes in the water column, i.e., mixing regimes and redox conditions. Full article
860 KiB  
Article
The Variability of Summer Phytoplankton in Different Types of Lakes in North East Poland (Suwałki Landscape Park)
by Maciej Karpowicz, Andrzej Górniak, Adam Więcko and Adam Cudowski
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 229-236; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0025 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 178
Abstract
This study describes summer phytoplankton communities in 27 lakes in the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) using in situ fluorescence methods. Low chlorophyll-a concentrations were noted in most of the studied lakes, particularly in the deepest lakes with highest surface area. Green algae, [...] Read more.
This study describes summer phytoplankton communities in 27 lakes in the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) using in situ fluorescence methods. Low chlorophyll-a concentrations were noted in most of the studied lakes, particularly in the deepest lakes with highest surface area. Green algae, diatoms and cryptophyta were dominant components of lake phytoplankton. Higher chlorophyll-a concentrations in the shallow or more eutrophicated lakes were connected with an increase of cyanobacteria and cryptophyta concentrations as well as with a decrease in the share of diatoms inphytoplankton structure. Vertical distribution of phytoplankton in stratified lakes revealed the presence of deep chlorophyll layers just below the thermocline where the maximum concentrations of phytoplankton were up to 15 times higher than in the epilimnion zone. The deepest maximum concentration of phytoplankton was noted at a depth of 16.5 m in Lake Jeglówek. In some lakes two or three significant increases of phytoplankton concentration in the vertical profile were observed, caused by intensive development of different algae groups. Full article
489 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Trophic Status of Lakes in the Suwałki Landscape Park (NE Poland)
by Andrzej Górniak, Adam Więcko and Maciej Karpowicz
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 221-227; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0024 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 179
Abstract
Summer field research and chemical analyses in 2015 provided the basis for the presentation of the trophic status of waters of 28 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park in NE Poland, located in the catchment of the River Neman, in the Natura 2000 [...] Read more.
Summer field research and chemical analyses in 2015 provided the basis for the presentation of the trophic status of waters of 28 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park in NE Poland, located in the catchment of the River Neman, in the Natura 2000 area—Ostoja Jeleniewska. Lakes Hańcza and Szurpiły are currently mesotrophic ecosystems. The remaining lakes are moderately eutrophic, while four lakes in the group, in addition to anaerobic hypolimnion, have infertile epilimnion similar to that of mesotrophic lakes. Lake Hańcza shows considerable multiannual dynamics of water fertility, periodically reaching a status approximate to eutrophy. In Lake Szurpiły and the majority of smaller lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park, reduced precipitation in 2015 resulted in an inconsiderable decrease in trophic status. The lakes are under the strong influence of their catchment area, as confirmed by statistically significant correlations between TSI and the Ohle and Schindler ratios. Lakes Kluczysko and Kopane currently remain the most fertile lakes in the Park. Unless rapidly developing cattle breeding leads to excessive fertilisation of waters in the catchment, the forecasted variability of weather conditions during global climate transformations will lead to fluctuations in the fertility of the majority of the analysed lakes at the threshold of meso- and eutrophy. A hypothesis is also stated regarding the considerable role of groundwater alimentation and short retention time in the maintenance of higher than average resources of silica in limnic waters. Full article
1156 KiB  
Article
Export of Nutrients from the Catchment of the Upper Szeszupa River (Drainage Basin of the Neman River) and Its Seasonality
by Andrzej Górniak
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 213-219; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0023 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 153
Abstract
The article presents the dynamics of concentrations and export of nitrogen, phosphorus, TOC in the upper Szeszupa River (tributary of the River Neman) in the period from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) based on monthly analyses performed in Poland in the scope of [...] Read more.
The article presents the dynamics of concentrations and export of nitrogen, phosphorus, TOC in the upper Szeszupa River (tributary of the River Neman) in the period from 2000 to 2014 (15 years) based on monthly analyses performed in Poland in the scope of the National Environmental Monitoring. The lakeland river with a mean discharge of 1.6 m3 s−1 and catchment dominated by agricultural land exports approximately 20 kg ha−1 of organic carbon compounds per year. The export of nitrogen is insignificant (3.8 kg ha−1) with 55% accounting for the element in the form of organic compounds and 31% for nitrates. Phosphorus export is also relatively low (0.12 kg ha−1), with 30% of the load of TP constituted by orthophosphates. During four months (February–May), 40–60% of annual export of nutrients was discharged, whereas the load of nitrates and organic nitrogen was higher than the contribution of outflowing water. From 2010, an increasing tendency has been observed in organic nitrogen export. This may be related to the intensification of animal production in NE Poland and an increase in livestock density. Full article
623 KiB  
Article
Diversity of Rotifer Communities in Lakes of the Suwalki Landscape Park
by Jolanta Ejsmont-Karabin, Andrzej Górniak and Maciej Karpowicz
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 207-211; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0022 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 163
Abstract
Studies of summer rotifer fauna of 11 shallow and 6 deep lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park were conducted in an aim to assess the role of lake depth and biotic and abiotic factors in determining the diversity of rotifer communities in lakes [...] Read more.
Studies of summer rotifer fauna of 11 shallow and 6 deep lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park were conducted in an aim to assess the role of lake depth and biotic and abiotic factors in determining the diversity of rotifer communities in lakes undergoing a natural rate of eutrophication not accelerated by anthropopression. Some differences were observed when the group of shallow lakes was compared with that of deep lakes. The former were more differentiated as regards a list of rotifer species, partly due to the high proportion of species with low frequency. Consequently, their faunal originality was markedly higher and values of the percentage similarity of rotifer communities were much lower than in deep lakes. Species richness of rotifer fauna was also dependent on the trophic state of the studied lakes, the character of a nutrient limiting primary production, as well as biomass of diatoms and green algae. Full article
2473 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Changes in the Trophic State of Suwalki Lakes—An Analysis by Means of Indices Based on Abundance and Composition of Their Rotifer Fauna
by Jolanta Ejsmont-Karabin, Andrzej Górniak, Elżbieta Jekatierynczuk-Rudczyk, Maciej Karpowicz and Adam Więcko
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 199-205; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0021 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 151
Abstract
Rotifer abundance and species composition in lakes of the Suwalki Landscape Park were studied in the years 1983–1985, 2009, 2012 and 2015. Rotifer trophic state indices (TSIROT) were used to assess changes in the trophic state of the studied lakes. In [...] Read more.
Rotifer abundance and species composition in lakes of the Suwalki Landscape Park were studied in the years 1983–1985, 2009, 2012 and 2015. Rotifer trophic state indices (TSIROT) were used to assess changes in the trophic state of the studied lakes. In most lakes of the Suwalki Landscape Park, there were no changes in rotifer communities over the 25–32 year period to indicate a decline in trophy of the lakes. However, in lakes with the strongest decline in TSIROT values, the values of indicative parameters widely varied in 2015, which may indicate that the status of rotifer communities in the lakes may be dependent on non-trophic factors. Full article
2948 KiB  
Article
A New Bathymetric Survey of the Suwałki Landscape Park Lakes
by Dariusz Borowiak, Kamil Nowiński and Katarzyna Grabowska
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 185-197; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0020 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 188
Abstract
The results of the latest bathymetric survey of 21 lakes in the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) are presented here. Measurements of the underwater lake topography were carried out in the years 2012–2013 using the hydroacoustic method (sonar Lawrence 480M). In the case of [...] Read more.
The results of the latest bathymetric survey of 21 lakes in the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) are presented here. Measurements of the underwater lake topography were carried out in the years 2012–2013 using the hydroacoustic method (sonar Lawrence 480M). In the case of four lakes (Błędne, Pogorzałek, Purwin, Wodziłki) this was the first time a bathymetric survey had been performed. Field material was used to prepare bathymetric maps, which were then used for calculating the basic size and shape parameters of the lake basins. The results of the studies are shown against the nearly 90 year history of bathymetric surveying of the SLP lakes. In the light of the current measurements, the total area of the SLP lakes is over 634 hm2 and its limnic ratio is 10%. Lake water resources in the park were estimated at 143 037.1 dam3. This value corresponds to a retention index of 2257 mm. In addition, studies have shown that the previous morphometric data are not very accurate. The relative differences in the lake surface areas ranged from –14.1 to 9.1%, and in the case of volume—from –32.2 to 35.3%. The greatest differences in the volume, expressed in absolute values, were found in the largest SLP lakes: Hańcza (1716.1 dam3), Szurpiły (1282.0 dam3), Jaczno (816.4 dam3), Perty (427.1 dam3), Jegłówek (391.2 dam3) and Kojle (286.2 dam3). The smallest disparities were observed with respect to the data obtained by the IRS (Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn). The IMGW (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) bathymetric measurements were affected by some significant errors, and morphometric parameters determined on their basis are only approximate. Full article
1658 KiB  
Article
Comparative Studies of Underwater Light Regimes in Lakes of the East-Suwałki Lakeland
by Dariusz Borowiak and Magdalena Borowiak
Limnol. Rev. 2016, 16(4), 173-183; https://doi.org/10.1515/limre-2016-0019 (registering DOI) - 18 Feb 2017
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 185
Abstract
Secchi disc transparency and optical properties of water, based on measurements for downward irradiance using an underwater radiometer PER-700, were studied in 23 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) in 2013. Measurements of optically significant constituents of water were also performed (YSI [...] Read more.
Secchi disc transparency and optical properties of water, based on measurements for downward irradiance using an underwater radiometer PER-700, were studied in 23 lakes of the Suwałki Landscape Park (SLP) in 2013. Measurements of optically significant constituents of water were also performed (YSI EXO-2) and analysed. Data on water transparency from published studies were used to assess long-term changes in the optical conditions in the deepest water body in Poland—Lake Hańcza. In terms of the optical characteristics of the water, the analysed SLP lakes can essentially be divided into two distinct groups representing different optical lake types. These are optical categories of lakes most common in Poland, namely types II and IIIb. Regional equations describing the relationships between the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance as well as optically significant constituents of water were developed. The optical properties of the SLP lakes are mainly affected by suspended solids, mostly phytoplankton. Interannual fluctuations in Sechi disc transparency, as well as the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance and other apparent optical properties of mid-summer water calculated from it, are determined by the spring thermal conditions and intensity of phytoplankton blooms during this period. Application of the attenuation coefficient for downward irradiance as a criterion for the assessment of the trophic status of the SLP lakes indicates that these are generally eutrophic lakes. The largest and deepest lakes of the park, however, are mesotrophic. Lake Hańcza is currently in the stage of α-mesotrophy. Full article
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