Preliminary Effectiveness of a Strategy to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Schoolchildren
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Strategy Design
2.2. Strategy Expert Validation
2.3. Trial to Evaluate Preliminary Effectiveness
3. Results
3.1. Strategy Expert Validation
3.2. Trial to Evaluate Preliminary Effectiveness
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Criteria | Description of the Strategy Prosalud-US |
---|---|---|
Problem requiring intervention | Problem to intervene in a population at specific risk | Need to strengthen habits for a healthy life in the population of children from six to twelve years of age in the Andean region of Colombia. |
Person(s) to whom the intervention is addressed | Unit of analysis | Children from six to twelve years of age Parents Teachers and principals Shopkeepers or school food service personnel Local authorities representing the state on education and health issues Media |
How the intervention will be developed | The contents and domains that are addressed with the intervention | Health Promotion Habits related to: Citizenship competencies (peaceful coexistence in living environments and interaction, social coexistence with participation and respect, cooperation and communication, commitment to one’s own and the common seeking collective well-being). Feeding and nutrition (water consumption, managing food portions, choosing variety and nutrition, eating and cooking as a family). Physical activity and rest (promoting exercise, physical activity and sports, avoiding sedentary behaviors, sleeping and resting adequately). Environment protection (environmental awareness in relation to water, energy consumption, waste, reuse and recycling, and transportation. Directing one’s own life (self-knowledge, decision making, positive attitude, elaboration of life projects, identifying good company and appropriate use of ICT). |
Dosage and duration | Five sessions are required, 1 for each dimension, directed to each of the population segments, with a duration of 1 h per session, with an intensity of 1 session per month for a total of five months. | |
Delivery strategy | Group, face-to-face, with workshops and playful support for the child population. | |
Environment or place of execution | The school, the rector’s network, the municipal government | |
Resources | Qualified personnel, two people for each activity in classes of a maximum of thirty-five children and similar groups of parents, teachers, directors and shopkeepers. Direct work with local government and media. Recreational and pedagogical material according to the population segment, the content, and the strategy to be developed. | |
Outcomes | Proximal, primary, secondary and distal outcomes | Proximal: Improve knowledge of habits for healthy living associated with citizenship, healthy eating, adequate physical activity and rest, environment protection and one’s own self-direction. To strengthen the attitude in relation to habits for a healthy life associated with citizenship competencies, healthy eating, adequate physical activity and rest, the environment and the direction of one’s own life by strengthening good company. To promote healthy behavior in relation to health promotion habits associated with citizenship skills, healthy eating, adequate physical activity and rest, the environment and the direction of one’s own life by strengthening good company. Primary: Maintenance of a healthy behavior in relation to citizenship skills, healthy eating, adequate physical activity and rest, the environment and the direction of one’s own life by strengthening good company, until the habit is formed. Distal: Strengthen public policy by joining the strategies in place for the well-being of children in the Sabana Centro region. |
Dimension | Component |
Preliminary Effectiveness of the Strategy | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
School Children | Parents | Teachers | Food Staff | ||||||
Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||
Citizenship | Recognizes respect as citizenship behavior | 94.7 | 95.6 | 97.4 | 95.8 | 100 | 95.8 | - | - |
Behavior reflects tolerance and respect | 87.1 | 88.2 | 92.1 | 92.3 | 96.6 | 97.9 | - | - | |
Identifies interactions within the environment | 88.5 | 86.7 | 95.2 | 94.4 | 100 | 100 | - | - | |
Identifies the value of living together in peace | 94.5 | 92.6 | 94.7 | 95.8 | 98.3 | 100 | - | - | |
Recognizes the importance of being a good citizen | 38.1 | 42.1 | 57.9 | 64.8 | 84.5 | 93.6 | - | - | |
Subtotal | 80.6 | 81.0 | 87.5 | 88.6 | 95.9 | 97.5 | - | - | |
Feeding and nutrition | Choice of healthy beverage | 62.2 | 76.4 | 24.2 | 20.1 | - | - | 47.1 | 77.8 |
Positive attitude about water consumption | 49.4 | 48.7 | 63.3 | 62.6 | 84.2 | 86.8 | - | - | |
Knows daily water requirement | 36.3 | 48.9 | 41.5 | 63.1 | 46.8 | 57.8 | 61.8 | 61.2 | |
Identifies importance of water consumption | 75.1 | 76.5 | 71.5 | 70.1 | 64.6 | 75.6 | 69.1 | 72,3 | |
Recognizes the benefits of drinking water | 62.9 | 63.3 | - | - | 80 | 88 | 70.6 | 81.1 | |
Eats a balanced diet on a daily basis | 18.7 | 22.5 | 37.3 | 46.3 | 55.2 | 52.9 | 52.9 | 66.7 | |
Identifies benefits of food | 34.5 | 42.9 | 37.1 | 37.6 | 68.7 | 68.5 | 64.7 | 77.8 | |
Selects appropriate portion sizes | 42.2 | 46.1 | 24.3 | 26.2 | 51.6 | 55.6 | 41.2 | 55.6 | |
Knows number of meals required per day | 22.4 | 34.8 | 49.9 | 46.6 | 90.4 | 71.4 | 58.8 | 78.8 | |
Organizes healthy plate | 33.4 | 41.5 | 41.4 | 44.5 | 41.9 | 61.2 | 64.7 | 66.7 | |
Prepares healthy lunch box | - | - | 30.3 | 34.9 | - | - | - | - | |
Positive attitude about eating with family | 70.6 | 70.6 | - | - | - | 55.1 | 41.2 | 55.6 | |
Recognizes benefits of eating with family | 71.1 | 72 | - | - | - | 85.5 | 70 | 85.6 | |
Washes hands before eating | 78.4 | 77.7 | - | - | 93.5 | 83.7 | 82.4 | 88.9 | |
Subtotal | 50.6 | 55.5 | 42.1 | 45.2 | 68.1 | 70.2 | 60.4 | 72.3 | |
Physical activity and rest | Practice of physical activity, exercise or sport | 94.5 | 95.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Number of days of physical activity | 20.1 | 18.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Hours per day of physical activity | 34.3 | 36.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Recognizes benefits of physical activity | 74.5 | 76.3 | 73.6 | 71.3 | 81 | 83.0 | 73.5 | 74.4 | |
Knows physical activity requirement/day | 24.2 | 24.8 | 20.5 | 25 | 22.6 | 22.4 | 29.4 | 55.6 | |
Attitude towards physical activity, exercise or sport | 80 | 80.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Knows time allocation parameters | 41.3 | 42.0 | 34.5 | 34.5 | - | - | - | - | |
Balances physical activity and daily rest | 42.6 | 45.5 | 40.3 | 38.9 | - | - | - | - | |
Knows the importance of physical activity | - | - | 68.5 | 67.7 | 64.6 | 59.2 | 47.1 | 66.7 | |
Knows the importance of doing sports | - | - | - | - | 70.9 | 63.3 | 52.9 | 66.7 | |
Identifies reasons to avoid sedentary lifestyles | - | - | 80.8 | 75.5 | 58.1 | 53.1 | 29.4 | 22.2 | |
Promotes physical activity | - | - | - | - | 30.1 | 27.9 | - | - | |
Subtotal | 51.4 | 52.4 | 53.0 | 52.2 | 54.6 | 51.5 | 46.5 | 57.1 | |
Environment protection | Recognizes the importance of protecting the environment | 82 | 76.9 | 74.8 | 78.2 | 91.4 | 97.9 | - | - |
Knows recycling practices | 56.6 | 61.8 | 81.6 | 83.8 | 89.7 | 66 | - | - | |
Properly handles recycling and disposal | 95.9 | 94.4 | 94.2 | 93.7 | 96.6 | 100 | - | - | |
Subtotal | 78.2 | 77.7 | 83.5 | 85.2 | 92.6 | 88.0 | - | - | |
Leading one’s own life | Knows the importance of good company | 35.1 | 40.7 | 66.3 | 70.4 | 86.2 | 87.2 | - | - |
Recognizes the importance of making a life plan | 38.9 | 45.2 | 55.8 | 50 | 91.4 | 89.4 | - | - | |
Attends responsibility with their care | 73.3 | 68.1 | 85.3 | 83.1 | 79.3 | 87.2 | - | - | |
Recognizes conditions of good company | 91.2 | 88.7 | 91.6 | 87.4 | 96.6 | 97.9 | - | - | |
Develops life plan | 88.7 | 88.7 | 94.2 | 95.8 | 91.4 | 93.6 | - | - | |
Identifies implication of good company | 90 | 83 | 94.2 | 95.8 | 100 | 91.4 | - | - | |
Understands the meaning of autonomy | 25.6 | 24.5 | 61.6 | 57 | 98.3 | 100 | - | - | |
Subtotal | 63.3 | 62.7 | 78.4 | 77.1 | 91.9 | 92.4 | - | - | |
Total weighting of results of the strategy | 64.8 | 65.9 | 68.9 | 69.7 | 80.6 | 79.9 | 53.4 | 64.7 |
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Carvajal-Carrascal, G.; Chinchilla-Salcedo, T.C.; Niño-Hernández, C.A.; Sarmiento-González, P.; Ospina-Romero, A.M.; Sánchez-Herrera, B. Preliminary Effectiveness of a Strategy to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Schoolchildren. Children 2022, 9, 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091402
Carvajal-Carrascal G, Chinchilla-Salcedo TC, Niño-Hernández CA, Sarmiento-González P, Ospina-Romero AM, Sánchez-Herrera B. Preliminary Effectiveness of a Strategy to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Schoolchildren. Children. 2022; 9(9):1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091402
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarvajal-Carrascal, Gloria, Tania Catalina Chinchilla-Salcedo, César Augusto Niño-Hernández, Paola Sarmiento-González, Angélica María Ospina-Romero, and Beatriz Sánchez-Herrera. 2022. "Preliminary Effectiveness of a Strategy to Promote Healthy Lifestyle Habits in Schoolchildren" Children 9, no. 9: 1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091402