Gender Differences in the Effects of BMI on School Bullying and Victimization in China: Comparing Normal Weight, Underweight and Overweight Secondary School Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Sex Education in China: Situation and Challenges
1.2. Youth, Body Change and Gendered Body Ideals
1.3. BMI and School Bullying
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Weight and Bullying: Gender Differences
4. Discussion
4.1. Findings
4.2. Limitations and Future Studies
4.3. Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All | Male | Female | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bully | 3.12 | 3.57 | 2.65 | *** |
Victim | 2.96 | 3.40 | 2.49 | *** |
BMI | *** | |||
Underweight (%) | 9.23 | 13.19 | 5.10 | |
Normal weight (%) | 75.29 | 66.14 | 84.85 | |
Overweight (%) | 15.48 | 20.67 | 10.05 | |
Age | 14.91 | 15.01 | 14.81 | *** |
Household registration | n.s. | |||
Rural (%) | 39.42 | 39.84 | 38.98 | |
Urban (%) | 60.58 | 60.16 | 61.02 | |
Pass exams or not | ** | |||
Yes (%) | 69.01 | 66.69 | 71.43 | |
No (%) | 30.99 | 33.31 | 28.57 | |
Number of friends | 7.28 | 8.49 | 6.02 | *** |
Weekly Internet time | 11.39 | 12.29 | 10.45 | *** |
Abuse | ||||
Physical abuse | *** | |||
Yes (%) | 9.09 | 12.02 | 6.03 | |
No (%) | 90.91 | 87.98 | 93.97 | |
Mental abuse | ** | |||
Yes (%) | 14.39 | 16.55 | 12.13 | |
No (%) | 85.61 | 83.45 | 87.87 | |
Mother care | 22.78 | 22.71 | 22.86 | n.s. |
Father care | 21.48 | 21.41 | 21.55 | n.s. |
Independent Variables | Model 1-1 | Model 1-2 | Model 2-1 | Model 2-2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bullying (Male) | Bullying (Female) | Victimization (Male) | Victimization (Female) | |||||
Coefficient | s.e. | Coefficient | s.e. | Coefficient | s.e. | Coefficient | s.e. | |
Cons. | 6.81 *** | 1.50 | 1.63 | 1.41 | 5.70 *** | 1.56 | 3.77 ** | 1.21 |
BMI (Normal weight = 0) | ||||||||
Underweight | 0.31 | 0.21 | −0.39 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.22 | −0.27 | 0.24 |
Overweight | 0.37 * | 0.18 | −0.47 * | 0.20 | 0.38 * | 0.19 | 0.15 | 0.17 |
Age | −0.16 | 0.10 | 0.187 | 0.10 | −0.12 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Household registration (Rural = 0) | −0.09 | 0.17 | −0.02 | 0.15 | −0.02 | 0.18 | −0.12 | 0.13 |
Pass exams or not (No = 0) | −0.26 | 0.16 | −0.27 | 0.15 | −0.20 | 0.17 | −0.56 *** | 0.13 |
Number of friends | −0.01 | 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.01 | −0.00 | 0.00 | −0.00 | 0.00 |
Weekly Internet time | 0.01 * | 0.00 | 0.02 ** | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 |
Abuse | ||||||||
Physical abuse (No = 0) | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 1.68 *** | 0.26 | −0.18 | 0.24 |
Mental abuse (No = 0) | 1.30 *** | 0.22 | 0.56 ** | 0.21 | 0.83 *** | 0.23 | 1.24 *** | 0.18 |
Mother care | −0.05 *** | 0.01 | −0.02 * | 0.01 | −0.04 * | 0.01 | −0.04 *** | 0.01 |
Father care | 0.00 | 0.01 | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.018 | 0.01 | −0.02 * | 0.01 |
R-Squared (%) | 13.70 | 12.21 | 14.95 | 15.80 |
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Xie, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, X.; Liu, L. Gender Differences in the Effects of BMI on School Bullying and Victimization in China: Comparing Normal Weight, Underweight and Overweight Secondary School Students. Children 2022, 9, 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091388
Xie Y, Wang X, Wang X, Liu L. Gender Differences in the Effects of BMI on School Bullying and Victimization in China: Comparing Normal Weight, Underweight and Overweight Secondary School Students. Children. 2022; 9(9):1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091388
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Yang, Xiying Wang, Xiaotao Wang, and Liu Liu. 2022. "Gender Differences in the Effects of BMI on School Bullying and Victimization in China: Comparing Normal Weight, Underweight and Overweight Secondary School Students" Children 9, no. 9: 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091388