Omics and Multi-Omics Analysis for the Early Identification and Improved Outcome of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
1.2. Current Diagnostic Practices and Disease Management Strategies
1.3. The Promise of Omics and Multi-Omics Technology
2. Genomics
2.1. Brief Overview of Relevant Genomics Technologies
2.2. Applications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring
2.3. Case Studies/Examples in Psoriasis and PsA
3. Epigenomics
3.1. Brief Overview of Relevant Epigenomics Technologies
3.2. Applications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring
3.3. Case Studies/Examples in Psoriasis and PsA
4. Proteomics
4.1. Brief Overview of Relevant Proteomics Technologies
4.2. Applications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring
4.3. Case Studies/Examples in Psoriasis and PsA
Gene Name | Biomarker | UniProt ID | Category | Secretion | Tissue Expression | Biological Function |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ADIPOQ | Adiponectin | Q15848 | Lipid | Blood | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
APOA1 | ApoA | P02467 | Lipid | Blood | Liver | Metabolism |
APOB | ApoB | P04114 | Lipid | Blood | Liver | Metabolism |
CMC2 | C16ORF61 | Q9NRP2 | Skin | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria |
COL2A1 | C2C | P02458 | Bone | ECM | Epididymis | Unknown function |
CCL1 | CCL1 | P22362 | mRNA | Blood | T cells | Adaptive immune response |
CCL20 | CCL20 | P78556 | mRNA | Blood | Smooth muscle tissue | Mixed function |
CCL7 | CCL7 | P80098 | mRNA | Blood | Neutrophils | Humoral immune response |
CD5L | CD5L | O43866 | Serum | Blood | Macrophages | Immune response |
COMP | COMP | P49747 | Bone | ECM | Skin | Epidermis development |
C9 | Complement C9 | P02748 | Serum | Blood | Liver | Hemostasis and lipid |
COL2A1 | CPII | P02458 | Bone | ECM | Epididymis | Unknown function |
CPN2 | CPN2 | P22792 | Skin | Blood | Liver | Hemostasis |
CRP | CRP | P02741 | Inflammation | Blood | Liver | Hemostasis |
COL1A1 | CTX | P02452 | Bone | ECM | Fibroblasts | ECM organization |
CX3CL1 | CX3CL1 | P78423 | mRNA | Blood | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
CXCL10 | CXCL10 | P02778 | Cytokines | Blood | Immune cells | Immune response |
CXCL12 | CXCL12 | P48061 | Skin | Blood | Fibroblasts | ECM organization |
CXCL2 | CXCL2 | P19875 | mRNA | Blood | Liver | Metabolism |
CXCL5 | CXCL5 | P42830 | mRNA | Blood | Salivary gland | Salivary secretion |
DKK1 | DKK-1 | O94907 | Bone | Other | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
ESR1 | ESR | P03372 | Inflammation | N/A | Fibroblasts | ECM organization |
FHL1 | FHL1 | Q13642 | Skin | N/A | Striated muscle | Muscle contraction |
GSN | Gelsolin | P06396 | Serum | Blood | Fibroblasts | ECM organization |
GPS1 | GPS1 | Q13098 | Skin | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria |
HAT1 | HAT1 | O14929 | mRNA | N/A | Non-specific | Ribosome |
IFI16 | IFI16 | Q16666 | Serum | N/A | Immune cells | Immune response |
IL12A | IL-12/23 p40 | P29459 | Cytokines | Blood | Brain and skin | Unknown function |
IL12B | IL-12/23 p40 | P29460 | Cytokines | Blood | Non-specific | Cell cycle regulation |
IL9 | IL-12/23 p40 | P15248 | Cytokines | Blood | N/A | N/A |
IL17A | IL-17 | Q16552 | Cell culture secretion | Blood | Immune cells | Immune response |
IL17C | IL-17C | Q9P0M4 | mRNA | Blood | Testis | DNA repair |
IL17F | IL-17F | Q96PD4 | mRNA | Blood | B cells | Humoral immune response |
IL2 | IL-2 | P60568 | Cell culture secretion | Blood | N/A | N/A |
IL23 | IL-23 | Q9NPF7 | Cytokines | Blood | B cells | Humoral immune response |
IL23R | IL23R | Q5VWK5 | Skin | N/A | Intestine | Brush border |
IL3 | IL-3 | P08700 | mRNA | Blood | N/A | N/A |
IL33 | IL-33 | O95760 | Cytokines | Blood | Fibroblasts | ECM organization |
IL34 | IL-34 | Q6ZMJ4 | Cytokines | Blood | Macrophages | Immune response |
EBI3 | IL-35 | Q14213 | Cytokines | Blood | Placenta | Pregnancy |
IL12A | IL-35 | P29459 | Cytokines | Blood | Brain and skin | Unknown function |
IL36A | IL-36a | Q9UHA7 | Cytokines | Blood | Esophagus | Epithelial cell function |
IL1F10 | IL-38 | Q8WWZ1 | Cytokines | Blood | Skin | Cornification |
IL6 | IL-6 | P05231 | Cytokines, mRNA | Blood | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
CXCL8 | IL-8 | P10145 | mRNA | Blood | Neutrophils | Humoral immune response |
INS | Insulin | P01308 | Lipid | Blood | Pancreas | Digestion |
ISG20 | ISG20 | Q96AZ6 | mRNA | N/A | Immune cells | Immune response |
ITGB5 | ITGB5 | P18084 | Serum | N/A | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
ITGB5 | ITGB5 | P18084 | Skin | N/A | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
KRT17 | K17 | Q04695 | Serum | N/A | Skin | Epidermis development |
LEP | Leptin | P41159 | Lipid | Blood | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
LGALS3BP | M2BP | Q08380 | Serum | Blood | Stomach | Digestion |
CSF1 | M-CSF | P09603 | Cytokines | Blood | Non-specific | Angiogenesis |
MMP3 | MMP3 | P08254 | Bone, mRNA | ECM | Salivary gland | Salivary secretion |
MPO | MPO | P05164 | Serum | Membrane | Neutrophils | Humoral immune response |
NOTCH2NLA | NOTCH2NL | Q7Z3S9 | mRNA | Blood | Testis | DNA repair |
TNFRSF11B | OPG | O00300 | Bone | Other | Kidney | Transmembrane transport |
POSTN | POSTN | Q15063 | Skin | ECM | Skin | Epidermis development |
PTPA | PPP2R4 | Q15257 | Skin | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria |
PRL | PRL | P01236 | Serum | Blood | Pituitary gland | Hormone signaling |
TNFSF11 | RANKL | O14788 | Bone | Blood | Immune cells | Immune response |
SETD2 | SETD2 | Q9BYW2 | mRNA | N/A | Non-specific | Transcription |
IL2RA | sIL2R | P01589 | Serum | N/A | Immune cells | Immune response |
IL2RB | sIL2R | P14784 | Serum | N/A | Immune cells | Immune response |
IL2RG | sIL2R | P31785 | Serum | N/A | T cells | Adaptive immune response |
SNCA | SNCA | P37840 | Skin | Membrane | Brain and bone marrow | Chromatin organization |
SRP14 | SRP14 | P37108 | Skin | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria |
SRPX | SRPX | P78539 | Skin | Unknown | Adipose tissue | ECM organization |
STAT3 | STAT3 | P40763 | mRNA | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria and proteasome |
STAT6 | STAT6 | P42226 | mRNA | N/A | Macrophages | Immune response |
STIP1 | STIP1 | P31948 | Serum | N/A | Non-specific | Unknown function |
SYK | SYK | P43405 | mRNA | N/A | Non-specific | Transcription |
TBX21 | TBX21 | Q9UL17 | mRNA | N/A | Immune cells | Immune response |
TNF | TNF-alpha | P01375 | Cytokines | Blood | Neutrophils | Inflammatory response |
VCP | VCP | P55072 | Serum | N/A | Non-specific | Mitochondria |
FLT4 | VEGFR-3 | P35916 | Serum | Blood | Non-specific | Transcription |
CHI3L1 | YKL-40 | P36222 | Serum | Blood | Liver | Metabolism |
5. Metabolomics
5.1. Brief Overview of Relevant Metabolomics Technologies
5.2. Applications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring
5.3. Case Studies/Examples in Psoriasis and PsA
6. Lipidomics
6.1. Brief Overview of Relevant Lipidomics Technologies
6.2. Applications for Early Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment Monitoring
6.3. Case Studies/Examples in Psoriasis and PsA
7. Complementary Technologies—Multiple Sequential Immunohistochemistry
8. Data Management/Integration and Artificial Intelligence
9. The Advantage of Multi-Omics Evaluation
10. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gurke, R.; Bendes, A.; Bowes, J.; Koehm, M.; Twyman, R.M.; Barton, A.; Elewaut, D.; Goodyear, C.; Hahnefeld, L.; Hillenbrand, R.; et al. Omics and Multi-Omics Analysis for the Early Identification and Improved Outcome of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102387
Gurke R, Bendes A, Bowes J, Koehm M, Twyman RM, Barton A, Elewaut D, Goodyear C, Hahnefeld L, Hillenbrand R, et al. Omics and Multi-Omics Analysis for the Early Identification and Improved Outcome of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(10):2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102387
Chicago/Turabian StyleGurke, Robert, Annika Bendes, John Bowes, Michaela Koehm, Richard M. Twyman, Anne Barton, Dirk Elewaut, Carl Goodyear, Lisa Hahnefeld, Rainer Hillenbrand, and et al. 2022. "Omics and Multi-Omics Analysis for the Early Identification and Improved Outcome of Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis" Biomedicines 10, no. 10: 2387. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102387