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Editorial

The Endodontic Space

by
Alfredo Iandolo
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
Healthcare 2023, 11(4), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040628
Submission received: 23 January 2023 / Accepted: 14 February 2023 / Published: 20 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Endodontic Space)
Versions Notes
Modern endodontics allows for the use of new materials and techniques in treating and saving teeth in a simple and reproducible way.
Importantly, before discussing new materials and protocols, it is essential to highlight the influence of the endodontic space on our treatment success. Moreover, it is misperceived to consider the root canal system as a simple area because, in fact, it is very complex when analyzed microscopically.
In addition to being composed of the main canal, the endodontic space consists of different macro- and micro-lateral anatomies, such as lateral canals, isthmuses, loops, branches, apical deltas, multiple exit ports, and dentinal tubules. Consequently, manual or rotating files cannot reach and clean these microscopic spaces. For this reason, it is essential to understand the complexity of the endodontic space and implement dedicated protocols for their cleaning [1,2,3].
Success in endodontics is achieved by eliminating or decreasing the bacterial load within the whole root canal system. Therefore, as mentioned above, shaping alone is ineffective in obtaining this result. Hence, it is crucial to employ the correct irrigants and activation techniques, using high-performance techniques in such a way as to reach and act in these lateral micro-spaces.
Generally, there are different irrigant activation techniques: sonic, ultrasonic, laser, heat, and similar. Indeed, only after accurately shaping and cleaning the endodontic space is it possible to proceed with the obturation phase [4,5,6].
Currently, the latest generation of sealers has been introduced to improve the quality of the filling phase, together with gutta-percha cones [7,8]. These sealers offer excellent advantages, such as high biocompatibility, a high pH, faster healing, micro-expansion inside the canal, and much more [9,10,11].
In conclusion, with the help of modern technologies and new materials, the success of our therapies will be enhanced; however, we must keep in mind the complexity of endodontic anatomy, because only after studying it well can we implement our protocols.
This Special Issue aims to focus on the most modern materials and techniques. Moreover, it aims to discuss the advances in operative microscopes, CBCT, modern access cavities, conservative shaping, active cleaning, obturation with the latest generation of sealers, and surgical endodontics.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Iandolo, A.; Pisano, M.; Scelza, G.; Abdellatif, D.; Martina, S. Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Root Apex of Permanent Maxillary Premolars: A Multicentric Study. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 6159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Iandolo, A.; Amato, A.; Martina, S.; Latif, D.A.; Pantaleo, G. Management of Severe Curvatures in Root Canal Treatment with the New Generation of Rotating Files Using a Safe and Predictable Protocol. Open Dent. J. 2020, 14, 421–425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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  6. Martina, S.; Pisano, M.; Amato, A.; Abdellatif, D.; Iandolo, A. Modern rotary files in minimally invasive endodontics: A case report. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.) 2021, 13, 299–304. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
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  8. Buonavoglia, A.; Lauritano, D.; Perrone, D.; Ardito, F.; Troiano, G.; Dioguardi, M.; Candotto, V.; Silvestre, F.J.; Lo Muzio, L. Evaluation of chemical-physical properties and cytocompatibility of TheraCal LC. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 2017, 31, 1–237. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
  9. Boutsioukis, C.; Verhaagen, B.; Versluis, M.; Kastrinakis, E.; Wesselink, P.R.; van der Sluis, L.W. Evaluation of irrigant flow in the root canal using different needle types by an unsteady computational fluid dynamics model. J. Endod. 2010, 36, 875–879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Alamoudi, R.A. The smear layer in endodontic: To keep or remove—An updated overview. Saudi Endod. J. 2019, 9, 71–81. [Google Scholar]
  11. Tosco, V.; Monterubbianesi, R.; Aranguren, J.; Memè, L.; Putignano, A.; Orsini, G. Evaluation of the efficacy of different irrigation systems on the removal of root canal smear layer: A scanning electron microscopic study. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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MDPI and ACS Style

Iandolo, A. The Endodontic Space. Healthcare 2023, 11, 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040628

AMA Style

Iandolo A. The Endodontic Space. Healthcare. 2023; 11(4):628. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040628

Chicago/Turabian Style

Iandolo, Alfredo. 2023. "The Endodontic Space" Healthcare 11, no. 4: 628. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040628

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