On Certain Properties and Applications of the Perturbed Meixner–Pollaczek Weight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Meixner polynomials ([1], Section 9.10)
- Monic Meixner polynomials ([1], Section 9.10) are given by
- Monic Meixner–Pollaczek polynomials ([1], Section 9.7) are given by
- (i)
- is an orthogonal polynomial sequence with respect to ,
- (ii)
- for every polynomial of degree ; while if ,
- (iii)
- where , for
1.1. Some Auxiliary Results for the Meixner and Meixner–Pollaczek Weight
- (i)
- Orthogonality:
- (ii)
- Forward shift operator identity:
- (iii)
- Three-term recursion relation:
- (iv)
- Expansion formula:
- For the proof of (i) and (ii), we refer to ([1], (1.9.2), (1.9.6)).
- Property (iii) follows, by considering , from the formulae for and :
- For the proof of property (iv), we use mathematical induction on n. One can see easily that Equation (9) holds for . We assume it holds true for some . By applying induction hypothesis and Equation (9), we haveThis completes the inductive result.
- (a)
- If , the n zeros of interlace with the zeros of
- (b)
- If , then zeros of the order two quasi-orthogonal polynomial interlace with the zeros of
- (a)
- (b)
1.1.1. Some Numerical Experiment on the Zeros of
2. Relation between the Monic Polynomials and
3. Main Results of the Perturbed Meixner–Pollaczek Weight
3.1. Finite Moments
- (i)
- The even moments ():
- (ii)
- Similarly, for the odd moments , we use the following sinh inequality:
3.2. Orthogonality and Generating Function
- (i)
- The generating function
- (ii)
- The hypergeometric representation
- (i)
- (ii)
3.3. Concise Formulation
- (i)
- (ii)
- By considering ([1], Equation (1.7.11)) and upon some rearrangement as in ([10], p. 172), the generating function takes the formExpanding using Pochhammer’s identity givesBy substituting Equations (34) into (33) and using the summation identityThus, the required result follows by comparing the coefficients of s on both sides of the last equality.
3.4. Some New Recursive Relations
- (i)
- (ii)
3.5. Addition Formulation and Integral Representation
- (i)
- Addition formulation
- (ii)
- Integral representation
3.6. Some Properties of the Zeros Associated with the Perturbed Weight in (8)
3.6.1. Monotonicity of the Zeros
- (i)
- monotone decreasing functions of t on the interval .
- (ii)
- monotone increasing functions of φ for and fixed .
- (i)
- for , .
- (ii)
- for , .
- (iii)
- for , .
- (iv)
- for , .
- (i)
- We now first consider the derivative of the coefficient ; i.e., asNext, we examine the derivative of . For ,From Equation (54), we see that for with fixed parameter ; and for . In particular, for , we see that if and if for fixed positive t. Thus, the coefficient is a monotone decreasing function of the parameter in the interval for and for fixed positive t; and is a monotone increasing function of in the interval and fixed . Thus, the assumptions of Hellman-Feynman Theorem are fulfilled, and so is Theorem 5.
- (ii)
- The proofs for and share similar approach.
3.6.2. Convexity of the Extreme Zeros
- (i)
- and for ,
- (ii)
- and for ,
4. Some Applications of the Polynomial
4.1. Exposition of Toda-Type Lattice/Molecule Equation
4.2. Fisher Information of the Monic Polynomial
4.3. Guass–Meixner–Pollaczek Quadrature
4.4. Meixner-Pollaczek Polynomials as Solution for Cauchy Problem
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. Proof for Proposition 6
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Kelil, A.S.; Jooste, A.S.; Appadu, A.R. On Certain Properties and Applications of the Perturbed Meixner–Pollaczek Weight. Mathematics 2021, 9, 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090955
Kelil AS, Jooste AS, Appadu AR. On Certain Properties and Applications of the Perturbed Meixner–Pollaczek Weight. Mathematics. 2021; 9(9):955. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090955
Chicago/Turabian StyleKelil, Abey S., Alta S. Jooste, and Appanah R. Appadu. 2021. "On Certain Properties and Applications of the Perturbed Meixner–Pollaczek Weight" Mathematics 9, no. 9: 955. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9090955