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Proteomes, Volume 10, Issue 4 (December 2022) – 6 articles

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18 pages, 5808 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Omics of Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis 12CS0282 and an In Silico Reverse Vaccinology Approach Reveal Novel Vaccine and Drug Targets

by Jens Möller, Mona Bodenschatz, Vartul Sangal, Jörg Hofmann and Andreas Burkovski

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040039 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2632

Abstract

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is an important animal pathogen, which is also able to infect humans. An optimal treatment of infections with this pathogen is not available today and consequently, more research is necessary to understand the infection process. Here, we present a combined -omics and bioinformatics approach to characterize C. pseudotuberculosis 12CS0282. The genome sequence of strain 12CS0282 was determined, analyzed in comparison with the available 130 C. pseudotuberculosis sequences and used as a basis for proteome analyses. In a reverse vaccinology approach, putative vaccine and drug targets for 12CS0208 were identified. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed the presence of multiple virulence factors even without host contact. In macrophage interaction studies, C. pseudotuberculosis 12CS0282 was highly resistant against human phagocytes and even multiplied within human THP-1 cells. Taken together, the data indicate a high pathogenic potential of the strain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microbial Proteomics)

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16 pages, 2071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of CHIKV Replication on the Global Proteome of Aedes albopictus Cells

by Ramesh Kumar, Divya Mehta, Sakshi Chaudhary, Debasis Nayak and Sujatha Sunil

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040038 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1973

Abstract

Arboviruses are some of the important causative agents of mosquito-mediated viral diseases. These viruses are transmitted between vector and host during the blood meal. Upon viral entry, host replication machinery is hijacked, supporting new virus particle production and thereby allowing viral survival in the host. In this process, host proteins interact with viral proteins to either facilitate viral replication, or they may provide antiviral defense mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the impact of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection on the global proteome of Dicer active Aedes albopictus cells during the early and late time points of infection. We utilized a bottom-up approach of global proteomics analysis, and we used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to identify the global protein signatures of Ae. albopictus at two different time points upon CHIKV infection. The mass spectrometry data analysis of the early time point revealed that proteins belonging to pathways such as translation, RNA processing, and cellular metabolic processes were less in abundance, whereas those belonging to pathways such as cellular catabolic process and organic substance transport were significantly abundant. At later time points, proteins belonging to pathways such as cellular metabolic processes, primary metabolic process, organonitrogen compound metabolic process, and organic substance metabolic process were found to be decreased in their presence, whereas those belonging to pathways such as RNA processing, gene expression, macromolecule metabolic processing, and nitrogen compound metabolic processing were found to be abundant during CHIKV infection, indicating that modulation in gene expression favoring cell survival occurs at a later time point, suggesting a survival strategy of Aedes cells to counter prolonged CHIKV infection. Full article

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12 pages, 1185 KiB

Open AccessReview

Salivary Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Proteomic Overview

by Gabriele Riccardi, Mario Giuseppe Bellizzi, Irene Fatuzzo, Federica Zoccali, Luca Cavalcanti, Antonio Greco, Marco de Vincentiis, Massimo Ralli, Marco Fiore, Carla Petrella, Antonio Minni and Christian Barbato

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040037 - 07 Nov 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3672

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Endoscopic methods may be useful in the evaluation of oral injuries even though the diagnostic gold standard is a biopsy. Targeted screenings could be considered the best way to prevent the occurrence of oral cancer. Aimed to elucidate the potential identification of specific biomarkers of OSCC, the use of saliva is convenient and noninvasive. Many studies reported more than a hundred putative saliva biomarkers for OSCC, and proteogenomic approaches were fundamental to disclosing this issue. Methods: Relevant literature published in the last few years was systematically searched on PubMed and we focused on articles about the use and study of salivary biomarkers in the diagnostics of head and neck cancer (n = 110). Thereafter, we performed a selection focusing on diagnosis with salivary proteomics in OSCC (n = 8). Results: Saliva proteomics can be a source of biomarkers for OSCC. We reviewed literature of biomarker proteins in saliva that could also be evaluated as probable targets for non-invasive screening of oral neoplasm such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and acute-phase response proteins. Conclusions: The measurement of salivary biomarkers is a highly hopeful technique for the diagnosis of OSCC. Proteogenomic approaches could permit an accurate and early diagnosis of OSCC. This review seeks to generate an up-to-date view on translational OSCC issues by raising awareness of researchers, physicians, and surgeons. Renewed clinical studies, which will validate the sensitivity and specificity of salivary biomarkers, are necessary to translate these results into possible strategies for early diagnosis of OSCC, thus improving patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics in Cancer Research)

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17 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics of Human Milk to Identify Differentially Expressed Proteins in Women with Breast Cancer versus Controls

by Roshanak Aslebagh, Danielle Whitham, Devika Channaveerappa, Panashe Mutsengi, Brian T. Pentecost, Kathleen F. Arcaro and Costel C. Darie

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040036 - 28 Oct 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2513

Abstract

It is thought that accurate risk assessment and early diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) can help reduce cancer-related mortality. Proteomics analysis of breast milk may provide biomarkers of risk and occult disease. Our group works on the analysis of human milk samples from women with BC and controls to investigate alterations in protein patterns of milk that could be related to BC. In the current study, we used mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics analysis of 12 milk samples from donors with BC and matched controls. Specifically, we used one-dimensional (1D)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) coupled with nanoliquid chromatography tandem MS (nanoLC-MS/MS), followed by bioinformatics analysis. We confirmed the dysregulation of several proteins identified previously in a different set of milk samples. We also identified additional dysregulations in milk proteins shown to play a role in cancer development, such as Lactadherin isoform A, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase, galactosyltransferase, recoverin, perilipin-3 isoform 1, histone-lysine methyltransferase, or clathrin heavy chain. Our results expand our current understanding of using milk as a biological fluid for identification of BC-related dysregulated proteins. Overall, our results also indicate that milk has the potential to be used for BC biomarker discovery, early detection and risk assessment in young, reproductively active women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics in Cancer Research)

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28 pages, 1899 KiB

Open AccessReview

Proteomics-Based Identification of Dysregulated Proteins in Breast Cancer

by Anca-Narcisa Neagu, Madhuri Jayathirtha, Danielle Whitham, Panashe Mutsengi, Isabelle Sullivan, Brindusa Alina Petre and Costel C. Darie

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040035 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4098

Abstract

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is still widely used as a morphology-based assay for in situ analysis of target proteins as specific tumor antigens. However, as a very heterogeneous collection of neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) requires an accurate identification and characterization of larger panels of candidate biomarkers, beyond ER, PR, and HER2 proteins, for diagnosis and personalized treatment, without the limited availability of antibodies that are required to identify specific proteins. Top-down, middle-down, and bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics approaches complement traditional histopathological tissue analysis to examine expression, modification, and interaction of hundreds to thousands of proteins simultaneously. In this review, we discuss the proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins in BC that are essential for the following issues: discovery and validation of new biomarkers by analysis of solid and liquid/non-invasive biopsies, cell lines, organoids and xenograft models; identification of panels of biomarkers for early detection and accurate discrimination between cancer, benign and normal tissues; identification of subtype-specific and stage-specific protein expression profiles in BC grading and measurement of disease progression; characterization of new subtypes of BC; characterization and quantitation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and aberrant protein–protein interactions (PPI) involved in tumor development; characterization of the global remodeling of BC tissue homeostasis, diagnosis and prognostic information; and deciphering of molecular functions, biological processes and mechanisms through which the dysregulated proteins cause tumor initiation, invasion, and treatment resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics in Cancer Research)

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14 pages, 4036 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Proteomic Approach for Comparative Analysis of the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Other Pango Lineages

by Mukul Jain, Nil Patil, Darshil Gor, Mohit Kumar Sharma, Neha Goel and Prashant Kaushik

Proteomes 2022, 10(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes10040034 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2234

Abstract

The novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron (B.1.1.529), is being testified, and the WHO has characterized Omicron as a variant of concern due to its higher transmissibility and very contagious behavior, immunization breakthrough cases. Here, the comparative proteomic study has been conducted on spike-protein, hACE2 of five lineages (α, β, δ, γ and Omicron. The docking was performed on spike protein- hACE-2 protein using HADDOCK, and PRODIGY was used to analyze the binding energy affinity using a reduced Haddock score. Followed by superimposition in different variant-based protein structures and calculated the esteem root mean square deviation (RMSD). This study reveals that Omicron was seen generating a monophyletic clade. Further, as α variant is the principal advanced strain after Wuhan SARS-CoV-2, and that is the reason it was showing the least likeness rate with the Omicron and connoting Omicron has developed of late with the extreme number of mutations. α variant has shown the highest binding affinity with hACE2, followed by β strain, and followed with γ. Omicron showed a penultimate binding relationship, while the δ variant was seen as having the least binding affinity. This proteomic basis in silico analysis of variable spike proteins of variants will impart light on the development of vaccines and the identification of mutations occurring in the upcoming variants. Full article

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