Description of an Arabica Coffee Ideotype for Agroforestry Cropping Systems: A Guideline for Breeding More Resilient New Varieties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Agroforestry Is the Best Way to Secure Coffee Production in the Future
3. No Coffee Varieties Have Been Specifically Selected for Agroforestry Systems
4. Lessons Learned from the European BREEDCAFS Project
5. Select F1 Hybrids Rather Than Line Varieties
6. Definition of an Ideotype and Its Use in Breeding
7. Main Arabica Coffee Breeding Goals for AFS
8. Identification of Morpho-Physiological Traits to Achieve a Specific Goal
8.1. Trait 1: Productivity
8.1.1. Vigor and Tree Volume
8.1.2. Floral Induction
8.2. Trait 2: Quality
8.3. Trait 3: Plant Health
8.4. Trait 4: Low Fertilization
9. Coffea Arabica Ideotype for AFS Cropping Systems
10. Possible Ways to Select Targeted Traits within an Ideotype
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cropping System | Agroforestry | |
---|---|---|
Crop management | Organic or «passive organic» | |
Trait ranking | Traits | Phenotypic goal based on |
Trait 1 | Productivity | yield (green coffee kg/plant) |
Trait 2 | Quality | Cupping score, bean size, W100 * |
Trait 3 | Plant health | vigor, high PI ** |
Trait 4 | Low fertilization | NUE, P and K |
Individual Traits | Phenotypic Goal |
---|---|
Productivity | |
Yield (Kg of green coffee/plant) | >0.5 |
Floriation intensity | >4000 flowers/plant |
Flowers to fruit conversion | >75% |
Tree volume (m3) | 0.5–1 |
Collar diameter (6 months old) | 18–20 mm |
Crop density | 4000–5000 plants/ha |
Plant height | 180–250 cm |
Precocity | 2 years |
Quality | |
Bean size (16–20) | >85% |
100-grain weight (g) | 20–22 |
Cupping score | >85 |
Plant health | |
Chlorophyll content (mg/gFW) | >2 |
Performance Index | highest |
Rust sensitivity | <1(sporulating lesions reaching 1 to 5% of the total leaf area [110]) |
Organic production | |
Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) | 25–50 kg N ha−1 annually |
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Breitler, J.-C.; Etienne, H.; Léran, S.; Marie, L.; Bertrand, B. Description of an Arabica Coffee Ideotype for Agroforestry Cropping Systems: A Guideline for Breeding More Resilient New Varieties. Plants 2022, 11, 2133. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162133
Breitler J-C, Etienne H, Léran S, Marie L, Bertrand B. Description of an Arabica Coffee Ideotype for Agroforestry Cropping Systems: A Guideline for Breeding More Resilient New Varieties. Plants. 2022; 11(16):2133. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162133
Chicago/Turabian StyleBreitler, Jean-Christophe, Hervé Etienne, Sophie Léran, Lison Marie, and Benoit Bertrand. 2022. "Description of an Arabica Coffee Ideotype for Agroforestry Cropping Systems: A Guideline for Breeding More Resilient New Varieties" Plants 11, no. 16: 2133. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11162133