Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Total Phenolic Content of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata (OLM) and Its Different Soluble Fractions
2.2. Antioxidant Profile of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions
2.3. Reducing Capacity and Metal Chelating Activity of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions
2.4. Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions
2.5. Effect of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions on Cell Viability of B16-F10 Melanoma and Hs68 Skin Fibroblast Cells
2.6. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells: Cellular Melanin Content and Tyrosinase Activity
2.7. Anti-Melanogenic Signaling of Methanolic Extract of O. laciniata and Its Different Soluble Fractions in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells: P-CREB-MITF-Tyrosinase Pathway and Phosphorylations of ERK and JNK
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Plant Materials and Preparation of Oenothera laciniata Extracts
4.3. Total Phenolic Content Assay
4.4. DPPH Radical (DPPH•) Scavenging Assay
4.5. ABTS Cation Radical (ABTS+•) Scavenging Assay
4.6. Superoxide Anion Radical (O2−•) Scavenging Assay
4.7. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity Assay
4.8. Ferrous Iron (Fe2+) Chelating Assay
4.9. Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay
4.10. Cell Culture
4.11. Cell Viability Assay
4.12. Cellular Melanin Content and Tyrosinase Activity Assays
4.13. Western Blotting Analyses
4.14. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | DPPH• (30 min) | ABTS+• (7 min) | O2−• (30 min) | Tyrosinase (30 min) |
---|---|---|---|---|
SC50 (µg/mL) c | IC50 (µg/mL) d | |||
OLM | 12.9 ± 0.1 | 14.2 ± 0.3 | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 97.9 ± 1.6 |
OLEF | 12.5 ± 0.2 | 13.6 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 106.8 ± 2.7 |
OLBF | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 84.8 ± 0.6 |
OLWF | 19.3 ± 1.0 | 33.2 ± 0.6 | 18.1 ± 0.3 | 80.5 ± 0.9 |
Ascorbic acid b | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 162.4 ± 11.3 |
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Ko, H.-H.; Chang, Y.-T.; Kuo, Y.-H.; Lin, C.-H.; Chen, Y.-F. Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK. Plants 2021, 10, 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040727
Ko H-H, Chang Y-T, Kuo Y-H, Lin C-H, Chen Y-F. Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK. Plants. 2021; 10(4):727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040727
Chicago/Turabian StyleKo, Horng-Huey, Yeo-Tzu Chang, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, Chia-Hsuan Lin, and Yih-Fung Chen. 2021. "Oenothera laciniata Hill Extracts Exhibits Antioxidant Effects and Attenuates Melanogenesis in B16-F10 Cells via Downregulating CREB/MITF/Tyrosinase and Upregulating p-ERK and p-JNK" Plants 10, no. 4: 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040727