Regulation of Nitrate (NO3) Transporters and Glutamate Synthase-Encoding Genes under Drought Stress in Arabidopsis: The Regulatory Role of AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Silico Transcription Factor Binding Sites Analysis Identified Cis-Regulatory Elemenents for bZIP TFs in NO3 Transporters and Glutamate Synthase-Encoding Genes
2.2. Prediction of Protein–Protein Interaction Network of Nitrate Transporters and Assimilation
2.3. KEGG Analysis Suggests a Crosstalk between De Novo Pyrimidine Biosynthesis and the Nitrogen Metabolic Pathways
2.4. AtNPF6.2/NRT1.4, AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1 and AtNRT2.2 Were Similarly Regulated in atbzip62 and atpyd1-2 Mutants, While ANRT2.1 Showed Differential Expression Pattern under Drought Stress
2.5. Drought Stress Differentially Regulated AtGLU1 and AtGLU2 Genes
2.6. Proposed Signaling Model of AtbZIP62 TF and NO3 Transporters and Glutamate Synthase under Drought Stress
3. Discussion
3.1. AtbZIP62 Regulates Nitrate Transporter-Encoding Genes in Response to Drought Stress
3.2. AtPYD1 May Play a Role in Mediating Nitrogen Assimilation through Regulation of Glutamate Synthase Encoded Genes under Drought Stress
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials, Growth Conditions, and Drought Stress Induction
4.2. In silico Transcritpion Factor Binding Sites Analysis, Protein–Protein Interaction, and KEGG Pathways Analysis
4.3. Total RNA Isolation, cDNA Synthesis, and qPCR Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Locus ID | TF Name | Target Genes | Position | Strand | p-Value | q-Value | Matched Sequence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AtbZIP62 TF | |||||||
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT1G19490 | 1528–1538 | 3.77 10−5 | 0.154 | AACAACTGGCC | |
AT2G40620 | AtbZIP18 | AT1G19490 | 1912–1922 | + | 1.31 10−5 | 0.0546 | ATGAGCTGGCA |
AtPYD1 | |||||||
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT3G17810 | 427–437 | + | 2.8 10−5 | 0.115 | TGCAGCTGGAG |
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT3G17810 | 427–437 | 6.13 10−5 | 0.126 | TGCAGCTGTTG | |
AtNPF6.2/NRT1.4 | |||||||
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT2G26690 | 2934–2944 | 1.04 10−5 | 0.079 | ACCAGCTGGGA | |
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT2G26690 | 2935–2945 | + | 4.24 10−5 | 0.109 | CCCAGCTGGTT |
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT2G26690 | 1096–1106 | 4.34 10−5 | 0.109 | GACAACTGGTA | |
AT2G40620 | AtbZIP18 | AT2G26690 | 2983–2993 | + | 7.12 10−5 | 0.34 | TCTAGCTGTCT |
AT2G40620 | AtbZIP18 | AT2G26690 | 3469–3479 | + | 8.91 10−5 | 0.34 | GATGGCTGGCT |
AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1 | |||||||
* | * | AT1G12110 | * | * | * | * | * |
* | * | AT1G12110 | * | * | * | * | * |
AtNRT2.1 | |||||||
* | * | AT1G08090 | * | * | * | * | * |
* | * | AT1G08090 | * | * | * | * | * |
AtNRT2.2 | |||||||
AT1G06070 | AtbZIP69 | AT1G08100 | 1761–1771 | 9.28 10−5 | 0.388 | GACAACTGTAT | |
AtGLU1 | |||||||
AT2G40620 | AtbZIP18 | AT5G04140 | 459–469 | + | 8.32 10−5 | 0.348 | TAGGGCTGGCT |
AtGLU2 | |||||||
* | * | AT2G41220 | * | * | * | * | * |
* | * | AT2G41220 | * | * | * | * | * |
Target Proteins | Locus | Description | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
NIR1 | AT2G15620 | Ferredoxin—nitrite reductase, chloroplastic; Involved in the second step of nitrate assimilation. | [28] |
NIA1 | AT1G12110 | Nitrate reductase [NADH] 1; Encodes the cytosolic minor isoform of nitrate reductase (NR). Involved in the first step of nitrate assimilation, it contributes about 15% of the nitrate reductase activity in shoots. | [29] |
NIA2 | AT1G37130 | Nitrate reductase [NADH] 2; Identified as a mutant resistant to chlorate. Encodes nitrate reductase structural gene. Involved in nitrate assimilation. Has nitrate reductase activity. | [29] |
WR3 | AT1G08100 | High-affinity nitrate transporter 3.1; Acts as a dual component transporter with NTR2.1. Required for high-affinity nitrate transport. May be involved in targeting NRT2 proteins to the plasma membrane. | [30] |
NRT1.1 | AT1G12110 | Protein NRT1/PTR family 6.3; Dual affinity nitrate transporter. Involved in proton- dependent nitrate uptake and in the regulation of the nitrate transporter NRT2.1. Acts also as a nitrate sensor that trigger a specific signaling pathway stimulating lateral root growth and seed germination. The uptake activity is not required for sensor function. | [31] |
NRT1.5 | AT1G32450 | Protein NRT1/PTR FAMILY 7.3; Transmembrane nitrate transporter. Involved in xylem transport of nitrate from root to shoot. Induced in response to nitrate. Not involved in nitrate uptake. Belongs to the PTR2/POT transporter (TC 2.A.17) family | [33] |
NRT1.2 | AT1G69850 | Protein NRT1/PTR family 4.6; Low-affinity proton-dependent nitrate transporter. Involved in constitutive nitrate uptake. Involved in (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) transport. Mediates cellular ABA uptake. Belongs to the PTR2/POT transporter (TC 2.A.17) family | [32] |
NRT1.7 | AT1G69870 | Protein NRT1/PTR family 2.13; Low-affinity proton-dependent nitrate transporter. Involved in phloem loading and nitrate remobilization from the older leaves to other tissues; Belongs to the PTR2/POT transporter (TC 2.A.17) family | [34] |
Gene Name/ Genotype | Locus/SALK | 5′-Forwad Primer-3′ | 5′-Reverse Primer-3′ | GC Content (%) F/R | Amplicon Size (bp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotyping primers (Left border and right border) | |||||
atbzip62 | SALK_053908C | TGGCACTTTTAACTTTGTGCC | TACGTTTCCATCGAGTGAACC | - | atbzip62 mutant |
atpyd1-2 | SALK_083897C | TTGGGTGGCAGAACATAGAAC | ATGAATTCAGCGGCATCATAG | - | atpyd1-2 mutant |
Nitrate transporters and assimilation genes in Arabidopsis | |||||
AtNPF6.2 | AT2G26690 | TGGAGAGCAAAGGGAGTTGG | AATGAGAGCGGCAGTGATCC | 55.0/55.0 | 102 |
AtNPF6.3 | AT1G12110 | ATGAAAGGGATGAGCACGGG | CATGGATGAGCTTTCCCGGT | 55.0/55.0 | 110 |
AtNRT2.1 | AT1G08090 | GGCTACGCATCTGACTTTGC | AACGGCAGTTACAAGGGTGT | 55.0/50.0 | 132 |
AtNRT2.2 | AT1G08100 | CTCCGTCTCGGGGAGTATCT | TCATGGAGAACACCGTTGGG | 60.0/55.0 | 119 |
AtGLU1 | AT5G04140 | CTTCTGCATGGGCGACGATA | CCTAAGGGGGTCAATGGCAG | 55.0/60.0 | 118 |
AtGLU2 | AT2G41220 | GCAGCATTTAGCCAACCGTC | AGGCTCAACCTTCCCAACAG | 55.0/55.0 | 94 |
AtActin2 | AT3G18780 | CGCTGACCGTATGAGCAAAG | GGAACCACCGATCCAGACAC | 55.0/60.0 | 106 |
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Rolly, N.K.; Yun, B.-W. Regulation of Nitrate (NO3) Transporters and Glutamate Synthase-Encoding Genes under Drought Stress in Arabidopsis: The Regulatory Role of AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor. Plants 2021, 10, 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102149
Rolly NK, Yun B-W. Regulation of Nitrate (NO3) Transporters and Glutamate Synthase-Encoding Genes under Drought Stress in Arabidopsis: The Regulatory Role of AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102149
Chicago/Turabian StyleRolly, Nkulu Kabange, and Byung-Wook Yun. 2021. "Regulation of Nitrate (NO3) Transporters and Glutamate Synthase-Encoding Genes under Drought Stress in Arabidopsis: The Regulatory Role of AtbZIP62 Transcription Factor" Plants 10, no. 10: 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102149