New Insights into lncRNAs in Aβ Cascade Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. lncRNAs
3. Regulatory Effects of lncRNAs on Aβ Production
3.1. lncRNA BACE1-AS
3.2. lncRNA MAGI2-AS3
3.3. lncRNA BC200
3.4. lncRNA 17A
3.5. LncRNA 51A
3.6. lncRNA NDM29
3.7. lncRNA BDNF-AS
4. Regulatory Effects of lncRNAs on Aβ Clearance
4.1. lncRNA LRP1-AS
4.2. lncRNA NEAT1
4.3. lncRNA XIST
5. Regulatory Effects of lncRNAs on Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity
5.1. lncRNA ATB
5.2. lncRNA RPPH1
5.3. lncRNA H19
5.4. lncRNA SNHG1
5.5. lncRNA WT1-
5.6. lncRNA EBF3-AS
5.7. lncRNA SNHG19
5.8. lncRNA SOX21-AS1
5.9. lncRNA SNHG7
5.10. lncRNA ANRIL
5.11. lncRNA MALAT1
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LncRNA | Level | Regulatory Mode | Mechanism | Effects on AD | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BACE1-AS | up | modulate mRNA stability | pairs with BACE1 mRNA to form RNA duplexes, leading to structural changes and enhanced stability of BACE1 mRNA | promotes Aβ production | [51] |
miRNA sponge | increase the level of BACE1 mRNA by binding to miR-485-5p as a ceRNA | [52] | |||
acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-214-3p and regulating ATG5 expression, promoting autophagy-mediated neuronal damage | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [56] | |||
targets miR-132-3p | [57] | ||||
MAGI2-AS3 | up | miRNA sponge | increases the level of BACE1 mRNA by binding to miR-374b-5p as a ceRNA | promotes Aβ production | [14] |
BC200 | up | modulate mRNA transcription | increase the level of BACE1 mRNA and protein | promotes Aβ production | [66] |
17A | up | splicing modulation | inhibits the transcription of the canonical isoform of GABAB R2 by affecting GPR51 alternative splicing and impairs the GABAB signaling pathway | promotes Aβ production | [68] |
NDM29 | up | modulate mRNA transcription | increases the level of APP mRNA and protein | promotes Aβ production | [92] |
modulation protein activity | increases β- and γ-secretase activities | [92] | |||
51A | up | splicing modulation | binds to the splice site of SORL1 pre-mRNA via base-pairing, resulting in a splice shift that reduces the expression of the canonical variant A | promotes Aβ production | [85] |
BDNF-AS | up | miRNA sponge | increase the level of BACE1 mRNA by binding to miR-9-5p as a ceRNA | promotes Aβ production | [121] |
histone modification | recruits Ezh2 to the BDNF promoter region to catalyze the trimethylation of histone H3-lysine 27 (H3K27met3), repressing transcription of BDNF mRNA | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [120] | ||
LRP1-AS | up | Modulate mRNA transcription | binds directly to Hmgb2 and suppresses Hmgb2-enhanced Srebp1a transcriptional activity on LRP1 | inhibit Aβ clearance | [132] |
NEAT1 | up | miRNA sponge | increase the level of BACE1 mRNA by binding to miR-124 as a ceRNA | promote Aβ production | [136] |
protects ROR1 by binding to 146a-5p and 34a-5p as a ceRNA | inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [197] | |||
NEAT1 | down | histone modification | inhibits acetyl-CoA generation and autoacetylation of P300, and then decreases H3K27Ac and increases H3K27Cro nearby the TSS of endocytosis-associated genes to inhibit endocytosis-associated genes expression | inhibit Aβ clearance | [137] |
XIST | up | miRNA sponge | increase the level of BACE1 mRNA by binding to miR-124 as a ceRNA | promote Aβ production | [145] |
targets miR-132 | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [198] | |||
histone modification | recruits Ezh2 to the NEP promoter region to catalyzes the trimethylation of H3K27met3, repressing transcription of NEP mRNA | inhibit Aβ clearance | [144] | ||
ATB | up | miRNA sponge | acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-200 and regulating ZNF217 expression | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [147] |
RPPH1 | up | miRNA sponge | acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-326 and regulating PKM2 expression | inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [151] |
acts as a ceRNA by targeting miR-122 and activating downstream Wnt/β-catenin signaling | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [152] | |||
H19 | up | miRNA sponge | Acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-124 and regulating HMGB1 expression | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [158] |
SNHG1 | up | miRNA sponge | Acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-361-3p and regulating ZNF217 expression | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [160] |
Acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-137and regulating KREMEN1 expression | [161] | ||||
WT1-AS | down | - | regulates the transcription factor WT1 to inhibit the miR-375/SIX4 axis | inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [164] |
EBF3-AS | up | - | negatively regulates EBF3 | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [166] |
SNHG19 | up | miRNA sponge | Acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-137 and regulating TNFAIP1 expression | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [170] |
SOX21-AS1 | up | miRNA sponge | Acts as a ceRNA by sponging the miR-132 axis to regulate PI3K/AKT pathway | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [174] |
negatively regulate miR-107 | [173] | ||||
- | upregulates the expression of FZD3/5 and activates the Wnt signaling pathway | [172] | |||
SNHG7 | up | miRNA sponge | acts as a ceRNA to regulate the miR-17-5p/NFATC3 signaling pathway and to inhibit TJ-related protein expression. | promotes Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [180] |
ANRIL | up | miRNA sponge | targets miR-125a | [182] | |
MALAT1 | down | miRNA sponge | regulates the expression of receptor tyrosine kinase EPHA2 via sponging miR-200a/26a/26b | inhibits Aβ-induced neurotoxicity | [192] |
Acts as a ceRNA by sponging miR-30b and regulated CNR1 expression | [190] |
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Hao, Y.; Xie, B.; Fu, X.; Xu, R.; Yang, Y. New Insights into lncRNAs in Aβ Cascade Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12121802
Hao Y, Xie B, Fu X, Xu R, Yang Y. New Insights into lncRNAs in Aβ Cascade Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomolecules. 2022; 12(12):1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12121802
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao, Yitong, Bo Xie, Xiaoshu Fu, Rong Xu, and Yu Yang. 2022. "New Insights into lncRNAs in Aβ Cascade Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease" Biomolecules 12, no. 12: 1802. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12121802