Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Meroterpenoid Classification
3. Phloroglucinol-Based Meroterpenoids
Compounds | Source | Activities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Psiguajavadial A (1) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 7.60 µM; CCRF-CEM = IC50 25.2 µM; DU145 = IC50 20.2 µM; Huh7 = IC50 48.8 µM; A549 = IC50 2.99 µM | [33,34] |
Psiguajavadial B (2) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 21.6 µM; CCRF-CEM = IC50 9.63 µM; DU145 = IC50 26.3 µM; Huh7 = IC50 13.7 µM; A549 = IC50 0.90 µM | [33,34] |
Guadial A (3) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 5.74 µM; CCRF-CEM = IC50 2.95 µM; DU145 = IC50 5.35 µM; Huh7 = IC50 28.0 µM; A549 = IC50 9.62 µM; Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 2.70 μM | [33,34] |
Guajavadial A (4) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HL-60 = IC50 4.73 µM; A-549 = IC50 5.62 µM; SMMC-7721 = IC50 4.37 µM; MCF-7 = IC50 22.28 µM; SW480 = IC50 14.55 µM; Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 2.01 μM | [35] |
Guajavadial B (5) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HL-60 = IC50 6.49 µM; A-549 = IC50 5.78 µM; SMMC-7721 = IC50 5.05 µM; MCF-7 = IC50 18.02 µM; SW480 = IC50 13.07 µM | [35] |
Guajavadial C (6) | Psidium guajava | Cytotoxic effects: HL-60 = IC50 3.38 µM; A-549 = IC50 5.66 µM; SMMC-7721 = IC50 3.54 µM; MCF-7 = IC50 14.54 µM; SW480 = IC50 18.97 µM | [35] |
Eucalrobusone A (7) | Eucalyptus robusta | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2 = IC50 18.52 µM; U2OS = IC50 45.00 μM | [36] |
Eucalrobusone C (9) | Eucalyptus robusta | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2 = IC50 7.40 µM; U2OS = IC50 8.99 μM; MCF-7 = IC50 8.50 μM | [36] |
Eucalrobusone D (10) | Eucalyptus robusta | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2 = IC50 26.78 μM | [36] |
Eucalrobusone H (14) | Eucalyptus robusta | Cytotoxic effects: U2OS = IC50 42.25 μM | [36] |
Eugenial B (17) | Eugenia umbelliflora | Cytotoxic effects: K562 = IC50 42.8 μM; Nalm-6 = IC50 70.5 μM; B16F10 = IC50 12.0 μM | [37] |
Eugenial C (18) | Eugenia umbelliflora | Cytotoxic effects: K562 = IC50 0.38 μM; Nalm-6 = IC50 10.5 μM; B16F10 = IC50 6.0 μM | [37] |
Eugenial D (19) | Eugenia umbelliflora | Cytotoxic effects: K562 = IC50 1.90 μM; Nalm-6 = IC50 7.75 μM; B16F10 = IC50 3.20 μM | [37] |
Eugenial E (20) | Eugenia umbelliflora | Cytotoxic effects: K562 = IC50 4.97 μM; Nalm-6 = IC50 29.1 μM; B16F10 = IC50 8.80 μM | [37] |
Eucalteretials C (23) | Eugenia tereticornis | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 4.8 μM | [37] |
Eucalypglobulusal F (31) | Eugenia globulus | Cytotoxic effects: CCRF-CEM = IC50 3.3 μM | [37] |
(+)-Japonicol B (37a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = EC50 8.75 μM | [40] |
(+)-Japonicol E (40a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 8.30 μM | [41] |
(−)-Japonicol E (40b) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 24.4 μM | [41] |
(+)-Japonicol G (42a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 21.3 μM | [41] |
(−)-Japonicol G (42b) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 6.7 μM | [41] |
(+)-Japonicol H (43a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 4.90 μM | [41] |
(−)-Japonicol H (43b) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: KSHV = IC50: 29.4 μM | [41] |
Psiguajadial A (44) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 3.11 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial B (45) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 5.03 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial C (46) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 4.50 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial D (47) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 4.14 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial E (48) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 3.25 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial F (49) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 2.63 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial G (50) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 1.34 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial H (51) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 1.81 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial I (52) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 2.51 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial J (53) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 2.53 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial K (54) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 3.68 μM | [42] |
Psiguadial A (55) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 7.26 μM | [42] |
Guapsidial A (56) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 5.61 μM | [42] |
Psiguajadial L (57) | Psidium guajava | Enzyme Inhibition: PDE4D-4 = IC50 1.37 μM | [42] |
Eucarobustol A (63) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 1.3 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol B (64) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 4.3 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol C (65) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 4.3 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol D (66) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 2.9 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol E (67) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 4.1 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol F (68) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 5.6 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol G (69) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 1.8 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol H (70) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 3.0 μM | [44] |
Eucarobustol I (71) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 1.6 μM | [44] |
Eucalyptusdimers A (73) | Eucalyptus robusta | Enzyme Inhibition: AChE = IC50 17.71 μM | [44] |
4. Syncarpic Acid/β-Triketones-Based Meroterpenes
Compounds | Source | Anticancer | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
(−)-Baeckfrutone B (125) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: DU145 = IC50 79.45 μM | [58] |
(+)-Baeckfrutone C (126) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 62.64 μM; Hela = IC50 85.79 μM; DU145 = IC50 17.65 μM; A549 = IC50 86.68 μM | [58] |
(−)-Baeckfrutone C (126) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 49.09 μM; Hela = IC50 91.22 μM; DU145 = IC50 15.85 μM; A549 = IC50 86.62 μM | [58] |
Baeckfrutone D (127) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 38.32 μM; Hela = IC50 83.85 μM; DU145 = IC50 6.46 μM; A549 = IC50 76.47 μM | [58] |
Baeckfrutone F (129) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 39.5 μM; DU145 = IC50 80.72 μM; A549 = IC50 15.61 μM; Anti-inflammatory effects: 74.4% | [58] |
Baeckfrutone G (130) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 49.76 μM; Hela = IC50 31.87 μM; DU145 = IC50 17.40 μM; A549 = IC50 62.64 μM; Anti-inflammatory effects: 75.3% | [58] |
Baeckfrutone H (131) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 19.50 μM; Hela = IC50 30.44 μM; DU145 = IC50 25.14 μM; A549 = IC50 82.75 μM; Anti-inflammatory effects: 55.1% | [58] |
Baeckfrutone I (132) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 19.50 μM; Hela = IC50 53.71 μM; DU145 = IC50 26.11 μM; A549 = IC50 84.13 μM; Anti-inflammatory effects: 75% | [58] |
Baeckfrutone J (133) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 52.93 μM; DU145 = IC50 4.04 μM; A549 = IC50 79.45 μM | [58] |
Baeckfrutone K (134) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 12.89 μM; DU145 = IC50 77.06 μM; A549 = IC50 80.11 μM | [58] |
Baeckfrutone L (135) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 16.48 μM; Hela = IC50 19.81 μM; DU145 = IC50 10.0 μM; A549 = IC50 88.81 μM | [58] |
Hyperjaponol H (143) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: EBV = EC50 25.0 μM | [61] |
Tomentosenol A (144) | Rhodomyrtus tomentosa | Cytotoxic effects: MCF-7 = IC50 8.66 μM; NCI-H460 = IC50 8.62 μM; SF-268 = IC50 10.01 μM; HepG-2 = IC50 9.44 μM | [61] |
Myrtucommulone (147) | Myrtus communis | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2 = IC50 4.39 μM; MDA-MB-231 = IC50 19.92 μM | [62] |
Myrtucommulone (148) | Myrtus communis | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2 = IC50 40.7 μM; MDA-MB-231 = IC50 40.0 μM | [62] |
Frutescone A (151) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 8.08; A549 = IC50 20.07 µM | [64] |
Frutescone B (152) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 23.25 µM; A549 = IC50 41.33 µM | [64] |
Frutescone C (153) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 14.83 µM; A549 = IC50 27.74 µM | [64] |
Frutescone D (154) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 10.20 µM; A549 = IC50 26.25 µM | [64] |
Frutescone E (155) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 7.96 µM; A549 = IC50 5.55 µM | [64] |
Frutescone F (156) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 16.51 µM; A549 = IC50 39.02 µM | [64] |
(±)-Frutescone G (157) | Baeckea frutescens | Cytotoxic effects: Caco-2 = IC50 14.31 µM; A549 = IC50 25.71 µM | [64] |
Callisalignene G (174) | Callistemon salignus | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 8.51 μM; A549 = IC50 12.85 μM | [67] |
Callisalignene H (175) | Callistemon salignus | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 9.12 μM | [67] |
Callisalignene I (176) | Callistemon salignus | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 16.33 μM; A549 = IC50 10.03 μM | [67] |
Frutescone I (178) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 18.75 μM | [68] |
Frutescone L (179) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 30.54 μM | [68] |
Frutescone M (180) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 15.17 μM | [68] |
(±)-Compound (181) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 1.80 μM | [68] |
Compound (182) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 0.36 μM | [68] |
Compound (183) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 3.70 μM | [68] |
(±)-Compound (184) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 2.07 μM | [68] |
(±)-Compound (185) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO production = IC50 6.50 μM | [68] |
Baefrutone A (188) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO Production = IC50 9.15 μM | [69] |
Baefrutone B (189) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO Production = IC50 17.73 μM | [69] |
Baefrutone C (190) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO Production = IC50 11.62 μM | [69] |
Baefrutone D (191) | Baeckea frutescens | Anti-inflammatory effects: NO Production = IC50 18.04 μM | [69] |
hyperjaponols A (194a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: EBV = EC50 10.33 μM | [70] |
Hyperjaponol B (195a) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: EBV = EC50 0.57 μM | [70] |
Hyperjaponol B (195b) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: EBV = EC50 6.60 μM | [70] |
Hyperjaponol D (197) | Hypericum japonicum | Antiviral effects: EBV = EC50 0.49 μM | [70] |
5. Alklaoid-Based Meroterpenoids
Phenazine- and Phyridine-Based Meroterpenoids
6. Sesquiterpene-Based Meroterpenoids
7. Chromane/Chromene and Flavone Derived Meroterpenoids
8. Quinone-Based Meroterpenoids
9. Miscellaneous
Compounds | Source | Activities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Magterpenoid C (373) | Magnolia officinalis | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 0.81 μM | [116] |
Arnebinone B (374) | Arnebia euchroma | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2, SMMC-7721, QGY-7703 and HepG2/ADM IC50 ranging from 9.6 to 18.7 μM | [117] |
Compound 375 | Arnebia euchroma | Cytotoxic effects: HepG2, SMMC-7721, QGY-7703 and HepG2/ADM IC50 ranging from 3.43 to 11.31 μM | [117] |
Toluquinol-derivative (378) | Carteriospongia sp. | Cytotoxic effects: Molt 4 = IC50 0.34 μg/mL; HL60 = IC50 0.70 μg/mL; lymphoma U937 = IC50 0.65 μg/mL; Sup-T1 = IC50 0.33 μg/mL; oral Ca9-22 = IC50 0.97 μg/mL; Cal-27 = IC50 0.51 μg/mL; breast T-47D = IC50 1.06 μg/mL | [119] |
Sargaquinoic acid (379) | Sargassum serratifolium | Enzyme Inhibition: AChE = IC50 69.3 μM; BChE = IC50 10.5 μM; BACE1 = IC50 12.1 μM | [106] |
Sargahydroquinoic acid (384) | Sargassum serratifolium | Enzyme Inhibition: AChE = IC50 124.3 μM; BChE = IC50 15.2 μM; BACE1 = IC50 4.4 μM | [106] |
Tetronasin (385) | Streptomyces sp. | Cytotoxic effects: HeLa cells = IC50 0.23 μM | [115] |
Magterpenoid A (386) | Magnolia officinalis | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 1.44 μM | [116] |
Nyingchinoids A (388a,b) | Rhododendron nyingchiense | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 43.6 μM | [105] |
Nyingchinoids B (389a,b) | Rhododendron nyingchiense | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 38.1 μM | [105] |
Compound 390 | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.59 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.65 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 0.94 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.70 mg/mL | [122] |
Compound 391 | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.54 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.62 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 0.86 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.65 mg/mL | [122] |
Compound 392 | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.69 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.64 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 0.91 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.74 mg/mL | [122] |
{Tetrahydro-3-methoxy-5-((E)-8,12-dimethyloct-8-enyl)-pyran-2-one (393) | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.70 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.76 mg/mL; Fe2+ = IC50 0.83 mg/mL; H2O2 = IC50 0.85 mg/mL; COX-1 = IC50 0.99 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.89 mg/mL | [123] |
Dihydro-5-(8-(9,12-dihydro-8-methyl-11-propyl-2H-pyran-8-yl)-ethyl)-furan-2(3H)-one (394)} | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.63 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.79 mg/mL; Fe2+ = IC50 0.83 mg/mL; H2O2 = IC50 0.84 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 0.96 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.84 mg/mL | [123] |
Hexahydro-iso-chromenyl-meroterpenoid (395) | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.76 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.82 mg/mL; Fe2+ = IC50 0.90 mg/mL; H2O2 = IC50 0.86 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 1.05 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.90 mg/mL | [123] |
Hexahydro-iso-chromenyl-meroterpenoid (396) | Villorita cyprinoides | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.79 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.81 mg/mL; Fe2+ = IC50 0.89 mg/mL; H2O2 = IC50 0.87 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 1.09 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.89 mg/mL | [123] |
2-(Tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-pentylfuran-3-yl)-ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (397) | Hypnea musciformis | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 25.05 μM; Fe2+ ion chelating = IC50 350.66 μM | [124] |
2-2-[(4-Hydroxybenzoyl)-oxy]-ethyl-4-methoxy-4-2-[(4-methylpentyl)oxy]-3,4-dihydro-2H-6-pyranylbutanoic acid (398) | Hypnea musciformis | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 322.4 μM; Fe2+ ion chelating = IC50 5115.3 μM | [124] |
3-((5-Butyl-3-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-methyl)-4-meth oxy-4-oxobutyl benzoate (399) | Hypnea musciformis | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 231.2 μM Fe2+ ion chelating = IC50 667.9 μM | [124] |
2-((E)-deca-1,8-dien-10-yl)-11,12-dihydro-13-propyl-2H-pyran (412) | Paphia malabarica | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.78 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.92 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 1.07 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.95 mg/mL; 5-LOX = IC50 1.02 mg/mL | [126] |
1′-((10E)-10-(10-(pentan-4-yl)-cyclohex-4-enyl)-allyloxy)-tetrahydro-2′, 2′-dimethyl-2H-pyran (413) | Paphia malabarica | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = IC50 0.76 mg/mL; ABTS = IC50 0.96 mg/mL; Enzyme Inhibition: COX-1 = IC50 1.05 mg/mL; COX-2 = IC50 0.92 mg/mL; 5-LOX = IC50 1.06 mg/mL | [126] |
(±)-Rasumatranin B (415) | Radula sumatrana | Cytotoxic effects: MCF-7 = IC50: 38.3 µM | [127] |
Compound 421 | Radula sumatrana | Cytotoxic effects: MCF-7: IC50: 3.8 µM; PC-3: IC50: 6.6 µM; SMMC-7721 7: IC50: 3.5 µM | [127] |
(±)-Radulanin I (422) | Radula sumatrana | Cytotoxic effects: MCF-7 = IC50: 24.6 µM | [127] |
10. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Source | Anticancer | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Marinocyanin A (240) | Actinomycete strains | Cytotoxic effects: HCT-116 = IC50 0.049 μM; Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 0.95 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 2.3 μM | [79] |
Marinocyanin B (241) | Actinomycete strains | Cytotoxic effects: HCT-116 = IC50 0.029 μM; Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 5.79 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 33.92 μM | [79] |
Marinocyanin C (242) | Actinomycete strains | Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 3.90 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 30.71 μM | [79] |
Marinocyanin D (243) | Actinomycete strains | Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 14.65 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 36.62 μM | [79] |
Marinocyanin E (244) | Actinomycete strains | Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 14.65 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 36.62 μM | [79] |
Marinocyanin F (245) | Actinomycete strains | Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 14.65 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 36.62 μM | [79] |
Lavanducyanin (246) | Streptomyces sp. | Antimicrobial effects: Candida albicans = MIC 114.67 μM; Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 56.93 μM | [79] |
Compounds | Source | Activities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Langcoquinone A (248) | Spongia sp. | Antimicrobial effects: Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 12.5 μM; Bacillus subtilis = MIC 12.5 μM | [82] |
Langcoquinone B (249) | Spongia sp. | Antimicrobial effects: Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 12.5 μM; Bacillus subtilis = MIC 12.5 μM | [82] |
Langconol A (250) | Antimicrobial effects: B. subtilis MIC 12.5 μM | [83] | |
Langconol C (252) | Antimicrobial effects: B. subtilis = MIC 25.0 μM | [83] | |
Langcoquinone C (253) | Antimicrobial effects: Staphylococcus aureus = MIC 12.50 μM; Bacillus subtilis = MIC 6.25 μM | [83] | |
Aminoquinone (257) | Dysidea sp. | Antimicrobial effects: B. subtilis = MIC 50.0 μg/mL; S. aureus = MIC 50.0 μg/mL; E. coli = MIC 50.0 μg/mL | [84] |
Nakijinol G (267) | Hyrtios sp. | Enzyme Inhibition: PTP1B = IC50 4.8 μM | [87] |
Dysivillosin A (270) | Dysidea villosa | Enzyme Inhibition: β-hexosaminidase = IC50 8.2 μM | [88] |
Dysivillosin B (271) | Enzyme Inhibition: β-hexosaminidase = IC50 10.2 μM | [88] | |
Dysivillosin C (272) | Enzyme Inhibition: β-hexosaminidase = IC50 19.9 μM | [88] | |
Dysivillosin D (273) | Enzyme Inhibition: β-hexosaminidase = IC50 16.2 μM | [88] | |
Chartarolide A (274) | Niphates recondite | Cytotoxic effects: HCT-116 = IC50 1.9 μM; HepG2 = IC50 1.8 μM; BGC-823 = IC50 1.3 μM; NCI-H1650 = IC50 5.5 μM; A2780 = IC50 1.5 μM; MCF7 = IC50 1.4 μM | [90] |
Chartarolide B (275) | Niphates recondite | Cytotoxic effects: HCT-116 = IC50 2.3 μM; HepG2 = IC50 2.8 μM; BGC-823 = IC50 1.6 μM; NCI-H1650 = IC50 4.8 μM; A2780 = IC50 3.2 μM; MCF7 = IC50 3.8 μM | [90] |
Chartarolide C (276) | Niphates recondite | Cytotoxic effects: HCT-116 = IC50 7.8 μM; HepG2 = IC50 8.9 μM; BGC-823 = IC50 5.4 μM; NCI-H1650 = IC50 11.3 μM; A2780 = IC50 12.5 μM; MCF7 = IC50 8.7 μM | [90] |
Terretonin N (304) | Nocardiopsis sp. | Antimicrobial effects: S. warneri = IZ 14 mm E. coli = IZ 8 mm | [98] |
Rubiginosin A (306) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 16.15 μM; HCT116 = IC50 15.56 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 13.80 μM; HL-60 = IC50 12.84 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosin B (307) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: HCT116 = IC50 65.72 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 84.66 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosin C (308) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 40.45 μM; HCT116 = IC50 17.43 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 26.26 μM; HL-60 = IC50 16.44 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosin D (309) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 49.18 μM; HCT116 = IC50 32.17 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 13.66 μM; HL-60 = IC50 40.07 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosin E (310) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 38.90 μM; HCT116 = IC50 38.90 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 38.90 μM; HL-60 = IC50 38.90 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosin F (311) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 38.90 μM; HCT116 = IC50 38.90 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 38.90 μM; HL-60 = IC50 38.90 μM | [101] |
Rubiginosins G (312) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 38.90 μM; HCT116 = IC50 38.90 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 38.90 μM; HL-60 = IC50 38.90 μM | [101] |
Anthopogochromene A (313) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 38.90 μM; HCT116 = IC50 38.90 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 38.90 μM; HL-60 = IC50 38.90 μM | [101] |
Anthopogochromene B (314) | Rhododendron rubiginosum | Cytotoxic effects: A549 = IC50 38.90 μM; HCT116 = IC50 38.90 μM; SK-HEP-1 = IC50 38.90 μM; HL-60 = IC50 38.90 μM | [101] |
Isopolycerasoidol (315) | Sargassum siliquastrum | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = EC50 8.23 μM; ABTS = EC50 2.33 μM | [103] |
Sargachromanol D (316) | Sargassum siliquastrum | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = EC50 26.35 μM; ABTS = EC50 4.84 μM | [103] |
Sargachromanol E (317) | Sargassum siliquastrum | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = EC50 23.84 μM; ABTS = EC50 4.57 μM | [103] |
Sargachromanol G (318) | Sargassum siliquastrum | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = EC50 33.43 μM; ABTS = EC50 4.05 μM | [103] |
Sargachromanol I (319) | Sargassum siliquastrum | Antioxidant effects: DPPH = EC50 32.83 μM; ABTS = EC50 6.86 μM | [103] |
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Nazir, M.; Saleem, M.; Tousif, M.I.; Anwar, M.A.; Surup, F.; Ali, I.; Wang, D.; Mamadalieva, N.Z.; Alshammari, E.; Ashour, M.L.; et al. Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070957
Nazir M, Saleem M, Tousif MI, Anwar MA, Surup F, Ali I, Wang D, Mamadalieva NZ, Alshammari E, Ashour ML, et al. Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(7):957. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070957
Chicago/Turabian StyleNazir, Mamona, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Imran Tousif, Muhammad Aijaz Anwar, Frank Surup, Iftikhar Ali, Daijie Wang, Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva, Elham Alshammari, Mohamed L. Ashour, and et al. 2021. "Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology" Biomolecules 11, no. 7: 957. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11070957